AMPA/NMDA ratios.

<p>Data presented are mean (SEM) AMPA/NMDA ratios for the total sample (N = 10 animals per prenatal treatment) and separately for males (n = 5 per prenatal treatment) and females (n = 5 per prenatal treatment).</p><p>AMPA/NMDA ratios.</p

Effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on the density of various glutamate receptor subtypes in frontal cortex.

<p>Data are the mean (SEM) specific binding, expressed as femtomoles bound / 10⁵ μm², for each radioligand for the total sample (in bold, N = 14) and separately for males (n = 7 per prenatal treatment) and females (n = 7 per prenatal treatment). R = Region, PT = Prenatal Treatment, S = Sex.</p><p>* indicates a significant effect at p < 0.05; See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118721#pone.0118721.g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1D</a> for additional data relevant to characterization of the PTxR interaction for specific [³H]-ifenprodil binding.</p><p>Effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on the density of various glutamate receptor subtypes in frontal cortex.</p

Evoked currents and ifenprodil sensitivity.

<p>A) Representative glutamatergic EPSCs. Representative traces from a combined AMPA/NMDA EPSC, an NMDA-mediated EPSC, and an AMPA-mediated EPSC calculated by subtracting the NMDA EPSC from the combined EPSC are shown. B) Representative evoked NMDA EPSCs. Sample traces of evoked NMDA EPSCs from both prenatal treatment conditions with amplitudes of total NMDA currents normalized between treatment conditions. C) Sensitivity of evoked NMDA EPSCs to ifenprodil. Mean percent (+SEM) reduction in evoked NMDA current following application of 3μM ifenprodil (n = 10 per prenatal treatment). Asterisk (*) indicates a significant effect (p = 0.002) of prenatal treatment condition on ifenprodil sensitivity.</p

Effects of daily four-hour consumption of 5% ethanol on rat dams and their offspring.

<p>Data are mean (SEM) with group sample size.</p><p>Effects of daily four-hour consumption of 5% ethanol on rat dams and their offspring.</p

Characteristics of average sEPSC and mEPSC waveforms fit with a dual exponent function (A) and multiplicity ratio data (B).

<p>Data are mean (SEM) for each characteristic for the total sample (N = 10 animals per prenatal treatment) and separately for males (n = 5 animals per prenatal treatment) and females (n = 5 per prenatal treatment). There were no significant main effects of prenatal treatment or prenatal treatment X sex interactions at p < 0.05.</p><p>*indicates a significant effect at p<0.05 for <b>sex main effects</b> for either the sEPSC[s] or mEPSC[m].</p><p>** p<0.01</p><p>***p<0.001</p><p>Characteristics of average sEPSC and mEPSC waveforms fit with a dual exponent function (A) and multiplicity ratio data (B).</p

Sample layer II/III pyramidal neuron and spontaneous current recordings.

<p>A) Example of biocytin-filled pyramidal neuron from cortical layer II/III. The internal solution for whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology contained biocytin to visualize patched neurons in paraformaldehyde fixed slices using fluorescence microscopy with streptavidin conjugated Cy3. A low magnification (40X) image is shown delineating agranular insular cortex, along with a higher magnification image (100X) to show neuronal morphology. The arrow in the 40X image points to the rhinal fissure. Scale bar 40X = 200 μm, scale bar 100X = 100 μm. B-E) Sample traces and average waveforms of sEPSCs and mEPSCs from AID layer II/III pyramidal neurons. Sample traces from saccharin exposed (B) and PAE (C) animals with sEPSC traces (no TTX) and mEPSC (TTX) traces are shown. Average waveforms for both sEPSCs and mEPSCs from saccharin exposed (D) or PAE (E) animals are also displayed. There were no significant effects of prenatal treatment condition on EPSCs.</p