Experimental Studies Towards a DC-DC Conversion Powering Scheme for the CMS Silicon Strip Tracker at SLHC

The upgrade of the CMS silicon tracker for the Super-LHC presents many challenges. The distribution of power to the tracker is considered particularly difficult, as the tracker power consumption is expected to be similar to or higher than today, while the operating voltage will decrease and power cables cannot be exchanged or added. The CMS tracker has adopted parallel powering with DC-DC conversion as the baseline solution to the powering problem. In this paper, experimental studies of such a DC-DC conversion powering scheme are presented, including system test measurements with custom DC-DC converters and current strip tracker structures, studies of the detector susceptibility to conductive noise, and simulations of the effect of novel powering schemes on the strip tracker material budget

Scale invariance and viscosity of a two-dimensional Fermi gas

We investigate the collective excitations of a harmonically trapped two-dimensional Fermi gas from the collisionless (zero sound) to the hydrodynamic (first sound) regime. The breathing mode, which is sensitive to the equation of state, is observed at a frequency two times the dipole mode frequency for a large range of interaction strengths and temperatures, and the amplitude of the breathing mode is undamped. This provides evidence for a dynamical SO(2,1) scaling symmetry of the two-dimensional Fermi gas. Moreover, we investigate the quadrupole mode to measure the shear viscosity of the two-dimensional gas and study its temperature dependence

Efficient Immunization Strategies for Computer Networks and Populations

We present an effective immunization strategy for computer networks and populations with broad and, in particular, scale-free degree distributions. The proposed strategy, acquaintance immunization, calls for the immunization of random acquaintances of random nodes (individuals). The strategy requires no knowledge of the node degrees or any other global knowledge, as do targeted immunization strategies. We study analytically the critical threshold for complete immunization. We also study the strategy with respect to the susceptible-infected-removed epidemiological model. We show that the immunization threshold is dramatically reduced with the suggested strategy, for all studied cases.Comment: Revtex, 5 pages, 4 ps fig

The nuclear AC-Stark shift in super-intense laser fields

The direct interaction of super-intense laser fields in the optical frequency domain with nuclei is studied. As main observable, we consider the nuclear AC-Stark shift of low-lying nuclear states due to the off-resonant excitation by the laser field. We include the case of accelerated nuclei to be able to control the frequency and the intensity of the laser field in the nuclear rest frame over a wide range of parameters. We find that AC-Stark shifts of the same order as in typical quantum optical systems relative to the respective transition frequencies are feasible with state-of-the-art or near-future laser field intensities and moderate acceleration of the target nuclei. Along with this shift, we find laser-induced modifications to the proton root-mean-square radii and to the proton density distribution. We thus expect direct laser-nucleus interaction to become of relevance together with other super-intense light-matter interaction processes such as pair creation.Comment: 10 pages, 2 eps figure

Nature-Inspired and Energy Efficient Route Planning

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Nuclear quantum optics with x-ray laser pulses

The direct interaction of nuclei with super-intense laser fields is studied. We show that present and upcoming high-frequency laser facilities, especially together with a moderate acceleration of the target nuclei, do allow for resonant laser-nucleus interaction. These direct interactions may be utilized for the optical measurement of nuclear properties such as the transition frequency and the dipole moment, thus opening the field of nuclear quantum optics. As ultimate goal, one may hope that direct laser-nucleus interactions could become a versatile tool to enhance preparation, control and detection in nuclear physics.Comment: 5 pages, 3 eps figures, revised versio

Ultrahigh frequency oscillations and multimode dynamics in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Includes bibliographical references (page 187).We report the observation of ultrahigh frequency oscillations of up to 240 GHz in optically gain switched vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. These oscillations are shown to be produced by multimode emission through mode competition (10-30 GHz) or mode beating (above 100 GHz). Although these oscillations are not related to the intrinsic modulation bandwidth, some of them could be mistaken for relaxation oscillations, calling for careful interpretation of the results of this type of experiments. The highest frequencies observed for single mode relaxation oscillations were about 9 GHz in agreement with values of modulation bandwidth reported in the literature

ATLAS silicon module assembly and qualification tests at IFIC Valencia

ATLAS experiment, designed to probe the interactions of particles emerging out of proton proton collisions at energies of up to 14 TeV, will assume operation at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in 2007. This paper discusses the assembly and the quality control tests of forward detector modules for the ATLAS silicon microstrip detector assembled at the Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (IFIC) in Valencia. The construction and testing procedures are outlined and the laboratory equipment is briefly described. Emphasis is given on the module quality achieved in terms of mechanical and electrical stability.Comment: 23 pages, 38 EPS figures, uses JINST LaTeX clas