Organic soybean production in Hungary

Organic soy production, particularly for feedstuff in organic animal husbandry, is needed in Hungary and the EU regions. Soybean producing crop area in Hungary has increased in the last years, however, the agroecological potential would allow for a larger soybean production area. This study presents the soybean market in Hungary, and the role of soybeans in protein supply in food and feed, summarising the critical elements of organic soybean production from variety selection to marketing. During the field research, the effects of the agronomical environment on yield potential factors were examined. We aimed to determine how different row spacing and tillage systems affect organic soybean yields of different varieties, with particular attention to the dry region, and determine the specific methods and varieties of soybean that favour these areas. We found that the tillage (plough/grubber), the spacing (wide/narrow), and the variety effects were all significant on morphological variables. The most remarkable difference was seen in plant height and the number of pods per plant, while the number of nodes was also highly impacted by tillage treatment and variety. The nutrition variables were significantly different, mainly as an effect of tillage and spacing interaction with significantly different plant responses of varieties

Catalyst preparation with ball milling for catalytic synthesis of coiled carbon nanotubes

The aim of our experiments was the production of helically coiled carbon nanotubes selectively. The influence of catalytic particles prepared by ball milling (dry and wet method) was investigated on the growth. of coiled carbon nanotubes under conditions. For qualitative characterization of carbon deposit on the surface, the products were imaged by transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). The activity of each catalyst sample was characterized by carbon yield

Observations of Changes of Blood Pressure Before and after Neurosurgical Decompression in Hypertensive Patients with Different Types of Neurovascular Compression of Brain Stem

Aims: The neurovascular pulsatile compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla can be divided into different subtypes. The posterior inferior cerebellar artery and/or vertebral artery can compress either the rostral ventrolateral medulla or the cranial nerves IX and X or both and on left, right or both sides. Methods: It was retrospectively investigated whether the types of neurovascular compression can influence blood pressure values. Data from 13 resistant hypertensive patients after decompression were investigated. Results: Six patients had 2 compressions, two had only medulla compression, four had only nerve compression on the left side and one had 2 compressions on both sides. There was no correlation between the types of compression and the levels of blood pressure, either before or after the decompression. Both, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse pressure also decreased in all cases after the decompression but the change was significant only in the group with 2 compressions on the left side. Conclusion: According to our data, in a severe hypertension not responding to conventional antihypertensive therapy, the surgical decompression of the brain stem independently of the types of neurovascular compression could guarantee a decrease of blood pressure and improved sensitivity to antihypertensive medication

Three-Dimensionally Enlarged Photoelectrodes by a Protogenetic Inclusion of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes into CH3NH3PbBr3 Single Crystals

We demonstrate that single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr(3)) could be grown directly on vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VACNT) forests. The fast-growing MAPbBr3 single crystals engulfed the protogenetic inclusions in the form of individual CNTs, thus resulting in a three-dimensionally enlarged photosensitive interface. Photodetector devices were obtained, detecting low light intensities (similar to 2.0 nW) from the UV range to 550 nm. Moreover, a photocurrent tivaS recorded at zero external bias voltage which points to the plausible formation of a p-n junction resulting from interpenetration of MAPbBr(3) single crystals into the VACNT forest. This reveals that vertically aligned CNTs can be used as electrodes in operationally stable perovskite-based optoelectronic devices and can serve as a versatile platform for future selective electrode development

The effect of titania precursor on the morphology of prepared TiO2/MWCNT nanocomposite materials

Since materials science is of great importance, the application of composite materials based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is widely investigated. Current work is aimed at preparing nanocomposites of TiO2/MWCNT using an impregnation method combined with slow hydrolysis. Different titanium alkoxide compounds as Ti(OEt)(4), Ti(OiPr)(4), and Ti(OBu)(4), respectively, were used as precursor materials to cover the surface of CNTs in ethanolic medium. In our samples themass ratiowas 10:1 (TiO2:MWCNT). The produced composite materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman microscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques; moreover, thermal analysis and the determination of the specific surface area (BET) were also carried out. These as-prepared TiO2/MWCNT composites were also tested as photocatalysts in degradation reaction of the model compound salicylic acid. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Photosynthetic reaction centre/carbon nanotube bundle composites

Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted intense attention to broad range of potential applications. In contrast to the 1D isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), 2D films or bundles made of thousands of tubes have been introduced as more advantageous building blocks for new types of applications in mechanically flexible and stretchable, optically transparent electronic systems. In our experiments, we combined photosynthetic reaction centre proteins, the light energy converter units in living cells, purified from purple bacteria, with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) bundles. The change in the conductivity of the bare MWCNT bundles and the RC/MWCNT composite after light excitation was measured and compared. We found that the electrical conductivity under light excitation depends on the intrinsic conductivity of individual tubes within the bundles and on structural characteristics, like geometry (diameter, length, spatial arrangement, interconnects, etc.) and the electronic coupling with the RCs. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Challenges and Rewards of the Electrosynthesis of Macroscopic Aligned Carbon Nanotube Array/Conducting Polymer Hybrid Assemblies

Hybrid assemblies based on conducting polymers and carbon nanomaterials with organized nanoscale structure are excellent candidates for various application schemes ranging from thermal management to electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In the case of macroscopic samples, however, precise control of the nanoscale structure has remained a major challenge to be solved for the scientific community. In this study we demonstrate possible routes to homogeneously infiltrate poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and polyaniline into macroscopic arrays of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTAs). Electron microscopic images and Raman spectroscopic analysis (performed along the longitudinal dimension of the hybrid samples) both confirmed that optimization of the electropolymerization circumstances allowed fine tuning of the hybrid structure towards the targeted application. In this vein, three different application avenues were tested. The remarkable anisotropy in both the electrical and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites makes them eminently attractive candidates to be deployed in thermal management. Thermoelectric studies, aimed to understand the effect of organized nanoscale morphology on the important parameters (Seebeck coefficient, electrical-, and thermal conductivity) compared to their non-organized hybrid counterparts. Finally, extraordinary high charge storage capacity values were registered for the MWCNTA/PANI hybrids (500 F g(-1) and 1-3 F cm(-2)). (C) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc