Landscape Composition and Soil Physical–Chemical Properties Drive the Assemblages of Bacteria and Fungi in Conventional Vegetable Fields

The soil microbiome is crucial for improving the services and functioning of agroecosystems. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of soil physical–chemical properties in driving the belowground microbial assemblages in different agroecosystems. However, not much is known about the assemblage of bacteria and fungi in response to soil physical–chemical properties and the surrounding landscape composition in different vegetable fields of a highly intensive agricultural system. Here, we investigated the effects of soil physical–chemical properties and landscape composition on the community trends of bacteria and fungi in two different soil compartments (bulk and rhizospheric soils) of two different brassica crop types (Chinese cabbage and flower cabbage). The results revealed that bulk soil had a higher alpha diversity of both bacteria and fungi than rhizospheric soil. Each of the soil physical–chemical properties and landscape compositions contributed differently to driving the community structure of distinct bacterial and fungal taxa in both soil compartments and crop types. The higher proportions of forest, grassland, and cultivated land, along with the higher amount of soil calcium in flower cabbage fields, promote the assemblage of Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Oxyophotobacteria, Agaricomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes. On the other hand, in Chinese cabbage fields, the increased amounts of iron, zinc, and manganese in the soil together with higher proportions of non-brassica crops in the surrounding landscape strongly support the assemblage of Deltaproteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacilli, Clostridia, Alphaproteobacteria, an unknown bacterial species Subgroup-6, Mortierellomycetes, Rhizophlyctidomycetes, and Chytridiomycetes. The findings of this study provide the most comprehensive, comparative, and novel insights related to the bacterial and fungal responses in a highly intensive vegetable growing system for the improvement of the soil fertility and structure. These are important clues for the identification of key bacteria and fungi contributing to the plant–environment interactions and are of a practical significance for landscape-based ecological pest management

MOF-Templated Fabrication of Hollow Co₄N@N-Doped Carbon Porous Nanocages with Superior Catalytic Activity

Metallic Co₄N catalysts have been considered as one of the most promising non-noble materials for heterogeneous catalysis because of their high electrical conductivity, great magnetic property, and high intrinsic activity. However, the metastable properties seriously limit their applications for heterogeneous water phase catalysis. In this work, a novel Co-metal–organic framework (MOF)-derived hollow porous nanocages (PNCs) composed of metallic Co₄N and N-doped carbon (NC) were synthesized for the first time. This hollow three-dimensional (3D) PNC catalyst was synthesized by taking advantage of Co-MOF as a precursor for fabricating 3D hollow Co₃O₄@C PNCs, along with the NH₃ treatment of Co-oxide frames to promote the in situ conversion of Co-MOF to Co₄N@NC PNCs, benefiting from the high intrinsic activity and electron conductivity of the metallic Co₄N phase and the good permeability of the hollow porous nanostructure as well as the efficient doping of N into the carbon layer. Besides, the covalent bridge between the active Co₄N surface and PNC shells also provides facile pathways for electron and mass transport. The obtained Co₄N@NC PNCs exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability for 4-nitrophenol reduction in terms of low activation energy (<i>E</i>_a = 23.53 kJ mol^–1), high turnover frequency (52.01 × 10²⁰ molecule g^–1 min^–1), and high apparent rate constant (<i>k</i>_app = 2.106 min^–1). Furthermore, its magnetic property and stable configuration account for the excellent recyclability of the catalyst. It is hoped that our finding could pave the way for the construction of other hollow transition metal-based nitride@NC PNC catalysts for wide applications

Socio-behavioral and clinical characteristics along with HIV sero-positivity among participating tuberculosis (TB) patients in three provinces of China, 2010 (N = 1032).

<p>Socio-behavioral and clinical characteristics along with HIV sero-positivity among participating tuberculosis (TB) patients in three provinces of China, 2010 (N = 1032).</p

Factors correlated with HIV infection among TB patients in three provinces of China, 2010 (N = 1032).

<p><b>*</b>Model 1 adjusted for site, genders and areas of residence.</p><p>#: Model 2 adjusted for sites, genders, areas of residence, age and annual income.</p><p><a href="mailto:@" target="_blank">@</a>: The model did not work well.</p><p>Boldfaced figures indicated statistically significant results at α = 0.05.</p

The frequency of symptoms in 106 ATLI cases.^a

a<p>Abbreviation used in table: ATLI, Anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury.</p

Relative risk and attributable risk proportion for anti-TB treatment between ATLI and non-ATLI anti-TB treatment cases.^a

a<p>Abbreviation used in table: TB, tuberculosis; ATLI, Anti-tuberculosis Drug Induced Liver Injury; RR, relative risk; AR%: attributable risk proportion.</p>b<p>Intensive treatment phase: the number of patients was 4292, because 12 patients missed data.</p>c<p>Smear result at 2 months: the number of patients was 4259, because 45 patients missed smear examination.</p>d<p>AR%: it is the percent of the incidence of an outcome in the exposed that is due to the exposure.</p>e<p>Unsuccessful outcomes: A sum of treatment failure, died, default and transfer out.</p>f<p>Successful outcomes: A sum of cure and treatment completed.</p