DataSheet_2_Multiomics analysis elucidated molecular mechanism of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Akebia trifoliata fruit.docx

Akebia trifoliata is a novel edible and healthy fruit. Here, we found that this fruit had the highest content of total free amino acids and three aromatic amino acids (AAAs) compared with the other popular fruits, and there was an obvious inverse relationship between AAA and flavonoid levels in various fruit tissues. Multiomics analysis revealed that the evolutionarily strengthened synthetic pathway of all three AAAs, the largely regulating ability conferred by ASP5 in the arogenate pathway and the complementary phenylpyruvate pathway endorsed by ADT of both Phe and Tyr biosynthesis provided reasonable explanations for the high AAA content in the flesh of A. trifoliata fruit. Gene-specific expression could be the main reason for the inverse relationship between AAAs and flavonoids. This study will help us understand the metabolic mechanism of AAAs and to develop A. trifoliata as a fresh fruit crop and medicinal plant by molecular breeding strategies.</p

DataSheet_1_Multiomics analysis elucidated molecular mechanism of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Akebia trifoliata fruit.xlsx

Akebia trifoliata is a novel edible and healthy fruit. Here, we found that this fruit had the highest content of total free amino acids and three aromatic amino acids (AAAs) compared with the other popular fruits, and there was an obvious inverse relationship between AAA and flavonoid levels in various fruit tissues. Multiomics analysis revealed that the evolutionarily strengthened synthetic pathway of all three AAAs, the largely regulating ability conferred by ASP5 in the arogenate pathway and the complementary phenylpyruvate pathway endorsed by ADT of both Phe and Tyr biosynthesis provided reasonable explanations for the high AAA content in the flesh of A. trifoliata fruit. Gene-specific expression could be the main reason for the inverse relationship between AAAs and flavonoids. This study will help us understand the metabolic mechanism of AAAs and to develop A. trifoliata as a fresh fruit crop and medicinal plant by molecular breeding strategies.</p

Identification of translocation chromosomes.

<p>(A)–(D), FISH and GISH using rye genomic DNA (red), pSc119.2(green), and pAs1 (red) as probes. (A) and (B), Wheat and rye parents. (C) and (D), new primary 1RS.1BL translocation lines. (E), FISH using 6c6 (green) and telomere sequence (red) as probes, indicating the integrity of all chromosomes. (F), FISH using 6c6 (green) and pAWRC.1 (red) as probes, indicating that the 1RS arm is intact in the translocation.</p

A-PAGE separations of ω-secalins and gliadins from a new primary 1RS.1BL translocation line and its wheat and rye parents.

<p>(L to R) 1 = wheat parent A42912, 2 = Weining rye, 3 = Chuan-nong 10, 4 = Chuan-nong 17, 5–8 = different lines of T917-26, the seeds from two years, 9 and 10 = different lines of T917-15. Arrowheads indicate the absence of expression of ω-secalins.</p

The sequences of SSR markers which were specific for 1RS chromosome.

<p>The sequences of SSR markers which were specific for 1RS chromosome.</p

A-PAGE separations of ω-secalins and gliadins from primary 1RS.1BL translocation lines and the substitution line.

<p>Lane 1 = wheat parent MY11; lane 2 = RT1249; lane 3 = RT1217-1; lane 4 = RT1163-4; lane 5 = RS1200-3; lane 6 = CN11.</p

Comparison of genetic similarity (GS) indices of 1RS chromosome among 4 wheat lines based on 8 SSR analysis.

<p>Comparison of genetic similarity (GS) indices of 1RS chromosome among 4 wheat lines based on 8 SSR analysis.</p

Resistant analysis of translocation/substitution lines and their wheat parent to stripe rust when inoculated with epidemic pathotypes and isolates of <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>Tritici</i>, <i>(Pst)</i>.

<p>Resistant analysis of translocation/substitution lines and their wheat parent to stripe rust when inoculated with epidemic pathotypes and isolates of <i>Puccinia striiformis</i> f. sp. <i>Tritici</i>, <i>(Pst)</i>.</p

PCR result of primer PrCEN-2.

<p>Lane 1 = RT1249; lane 2 = RT1217-1; lane 3 = RT1163-4; lane 4 = RS1200-3; lane 5 = Aigan rye; lane 6 = MY11; lane M = marker.</p

FISH of root tip chromosomes in wheat-rye translocation and substitution lines which originated from MY11 x Aigan rye.

<p>The arrows indicate wheat-rye translocated chromosomes or 1R substituted chromosomes. A. RT1249; B. RT1163-4; C. RT1217-1; D. RS1200-3.</p