Biased statistics for traces of cyclic p-fold covers over finite fields

In this paper, we discuss in more detail some of the results on the statistics of the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism associated to cyclic p-fold covers of the projective line that were presented in [1]. We also show new findings regarding statistics associated to such curves where we fix the number of zeros in some of the factors of the equation in the affine model

Exact averages of central values of triple product L-functions

We obtain exact formulas for central values of triple product L-functions averaged over newforms of weight 2 and prime level. We apply these formulas to non-vanishing problems. This paper uses a period formula for the triple product L-function proved by Gross and Kudla

Stable Genetic Influence on Anxiety-Related Behaviours Across Middle Childhood

We examined the aetiology of anxiety symptoms in an unselected population at ages 7 and 9, a period during which anxiety disorders first begin to develop (mean age at onset is 11 years). Specifically, the aim of the study was to investigate genetic and environmental continuity and change in components of anxiety in middle childhood. Parents of over 3,500 twin pairs completed the Anxiety-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (ARBQ) when twins were 7 and 9 years old. Multivariate-longitudinal analyses were conducted to examine genetic and environmental influences on stability and change in four anxiety scales: Negative Cognition, Negative Affect, Fear and Social Anxiety. We found moderate temporal stability in all four scales from 7 to 9 years (correlations ranging from 0.45 to 0.54) and moderate heritability (average 54%). Both shared and non-shared environmental influences were modest (average 18%–28% respectively). Genetic factors (68%) explained most of the homotypic continuity in anxiety. We show that homotypic continuity of Anxiety-Related Behaviours (i.e. the continuation of one specific type of anxiety over time) was largely driven by genetic factors. In contrast, though more varied, heterotypic continuity between some traits (i.e. the change from one type of anxiety-related behaviour into another over time) was mainly due to shared-environmental factors

Nonnatural deoxyribonucleoside D_3 incorporated in an intramolecular DNA triplex binds sequence-specifically by intercalation

Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation is one of the most powerful methods for the sequence-specific recognition of double-helical DNA. Pyrimidine oligonucleotides bind purine tracts in the major groove of DNA parallel to the purine Watson-Crick strand through the formation of specific Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonds. Specificity is derived from thymine (T) recognition of adenine·thymine (A·T) base pairs (T·A·T triplet) and N3-protonated cytosine (C+) recognition of guanine-cytosine (G·C) base pairs (C + G·C triplets). The sequence-specific recognition of double-helical DNA by a third strand to form a triple helix is limited to mostly purine tracts. Although G in the third strand has been found to specifically bind to T·A, the lower stability of the G·T·A triplet and its dependence on the sequence of the neigh boring triplets reveals that this will have limitations. In an attempt to extend the recognition code to all four Watson-Crick base pairs, the nonnatural deoxyribonucleoside 1-(2-deoxy/ β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-(3-benzamido)phenylimidazole [D_3] was synthesized and incorporated into pyrimidine DNA oligonucleotides (Figure 1a). It was found that D_3 selectively recognizes both T·A and C·G Watson-Crick base pairs within the pyrimidine·purine·pyrimidine triple-helix motif. This was also found to have a nearest neighbor dependence

Nonnatural deoxyribonucleoside D_3 incorporated in an intramolecular DNA triplex binds sequence-specifically by intercalation

Oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation is one of the most powerful methods for the sequence-specific recognition of double-helical DNA. Pyrimidine oligonucleotides bind purine tracts in the major groove of DNA parallel to the purine Watson-Crick strand through the formation of specific Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonds. Specificity is derived from thymine (T) recognition of adenine·thymine (A·T) base pairs (T·A·T triplet) and N3-protonated cytosine (C+) recognition of guanine-cytosine (G·C) base pairs (C + G·C triplets). The sequence-specific recognition of double-helical DNA by a third strand to form a triple helix is limited to mostly purine tracts. Although G in the third strand has been found to specifically bind to T·A, the lower stability of the G·T·A triplet and its dependence on the sequence of the neigh boring triplets reveals that this will have limitations. In an attempt to extend the recognition code to all four Watson-Crick base pairs, the nonnatural deoxyribonucleoside 1-(2-deoxy/ β-D-ribofuranosyl)-4-(3-benzamido)phenylimidazole [D_3] was synthesized and incorporated into pyrimidine DNA oligonucleotides (Figure 1a). It was found that D_3 selectively recognizes both T·A and C·G Watson-Crick base pairs within the pyrimidine·purine·pyrimidine triple-helix motif. This was also found to have a nearest neighbor dependence

Contributions of the RNA-binding and linker domains and RNA structure to the specificity and affinity of the nucleolin RBD12/NRE interaction

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Solution structure of a pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine triplex containing the sequence-specific intercalating non-natural base D_3

We have used NMR spectroscopy to study a pyrimidine·purine·pyrimidine DNA triplex containing a non-natural base, 1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4-(3-benzamido)phenylimidazole (D_3), in the third strand. The D_3base has been previously shown to specifically recognize T·A and C·G base-pairs via intercalation on the 3′ side (with respect to the purine strand) of the target base pair, instead of forming sequence-specific hydrogen bonds.1H resonance assignments have been made for the D_3base and most of the non-loop portion of the triplex. The solution structure of the triplex was calculated using restrained molecular dynamics and complete relaxation matrix refinement. The duplex portion of the triplex has an over-all helical structure that is more similar to B-DNA than to A-DNA. The three aromatic rings of the D_3base stack on the bases of all three strands and mimic a triplet. The conformation of the D_3base and its sequence specificity are discussed

Solution structure of an intramolecular DNA triplex containing an N^7-glycosylated guanine which mimics a protonated cytosine

The three-dimensional structure of a pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine DNA triplex containing an N^7-glycosylated guanine (^7G) in the third strand has been determined by NMR spectroscopy, restrained molecular dynamics calculations, and complete relaxation matrix refinement. Glycosylation of the guanine at the N^7 position permits it to adopt a conformation such that the Hoogsteen face of the base mimics the arrangement of hydrogen bond donors seen in protonated cytosine. The NMR data confirm the previously proposed hydrogen bonding scheme of the ^7G·G·C triplet. The three-dimensional structure of the triplex accommodates the ^7G with less distortion of the phosphodiester backbone than would be required for an N^9-glycosylated guanine in the same sequence position, but some changes in the positions of the phosphodiester backbone are present compared to a C^+·G·C triplet. The structure provides a rationale for the observations that ^7G binds to Watson-Crick G·C base pairs with higher specificity and affinity than guanine, but with a lower stability at pH 5.2 than would be provided by a canonical C^+·G·C triplet

Solution structure of a pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine triplex containing the sequence-specific intercalating non-natural base D_3

We have used NMR spectroscopy to study a pyrimidine·purine·pyrimidine DNA triplex containing a non-natural base, 1-(2-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)- 4-(3-benzamido)phenylimidazole (D_3), in the third strand. The D_3base has been previously shown to specifically recognize T·A and C·G base-pairs via intercalation on the 3′ side (with respect to the purine strand) of the target base pair, instead of forming sequence-specific hydrogen bonds.1H resonance assignments have been made for the D_3base and most of the non-loop portion of the triplex. The solution structure of the triplex was calculated using restrained molecular dynamics and complete relaxation matrix refinement. The duplex portion of the triplex has an over-all helical structure that is more similar to B-DNA than to A-DNA. The three aromatic rings of the D_3base stack on the bases of all three strands and mimic a triplet. The conformation of the D_3base and its sequence specificity are discussed