States of a hypothetical network with three genes.

<p>The binary values correspond to activation levels of these genes. (a) The three states on the left are transient and of Type 1. The state with self loop is steady and Type 0. (b) The four states in simple loop are cyclic steady states and they are of Type 1. (c) The leftmost state is transient and Type 1. Even though only is of Type 2 (others are Type 1), the remaining five states create a complex loop, and thus they are transient.</p

Summary of the traversal process for a randomly picked state from unobserved Type 1 states.

<p>If the path starting from a ends at , , or , then all the states on this path are transient (Step 2(i) of Algorithm 1). If the path starting from ends at a state like then all the states on the path from to are transient (excluding ) and all the states on the cycle from to are steady.</p

The comparison of our algorithm with an existing method, Genysis [18], [19],on real and random networks.

1<p>We used a cut-off time of 24-hours and “-” indicates that the method could not find all steady states within this time. denotes seconds and denotes minutes.</p>2<p>Running time of our algorithm when 90% of the steady states are found with 90% confidence.</p>3<p>Running time of our algorithm when 80% of the steady states are found with 80% confidence.</p

Phase Behavior of 1‑Dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium Fluorohydrogenate Salts (C₁₂MIm(FH)_<i>n</i>F, <i>n</i> = 1.0–2.3) and Their Anisotropic Ionic Conductivity as Ionic Liquid Crystal Electrolytes

The effects of the HF composition, <i>n</i>, in 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium fluorohydrogenate salts (C₁₂MIm­(FH)_<i>n</i>F, <i>n</i> = 1.0–2.3) on their physicochemical and structural properties have been investigated using infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, polarized optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and anisotropic ionic conductivity measurements. The phase diagram of C₁₂MIm­(FH)_<i>n</i>F (<i>n</i> vs transition temperature) suggests that C₁₂MIm­(FH)_<i>n</i>F is a mixed crystal system that has a boundary around <i>n</i> = 1.9. For all compositions, a liquid crystalline mesophase with a smectic A interdigitated bilayer structure is observed. The temperature range of the mesophase decreases with increasing <i>n</i> value (from 61.8 °C for C₁₂MIm­(FH)_1.0F to 37.0 °C for C₁₂MIm­(FH)_2.3F). The layer spacing of the smectic structure decreases with increasing <i>n</i> value or increasing temperature. Two structural types with different layer spacings are observed in the crystalline phase (type I, 1.0 ≤ <i>n</i> ≤ 1.9, and type II, 1.9 ≤ <i>n</i> ≤ 2.3). Ionic conductivities parallel and perpendicular to the smectic layers (σ_|| and σ_⊥) increase with increasing <i>n</i> value, whereas the anisotropy of the ionic conductivities (σ_||/σ_⊥) is independent of the <i>n</i> value, since the thickness of the insulating sheet formed by the dodecyl group remains nearly unchanged

Convergence of the estimators for the steady state profiles of the genes.

<p>These genes are a selected subset of the genes of <i>p53 network</i> of <i>Homo Sapiens </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0007992#pone.0007992-Ogata1" target="_blank">[46]</a>. Y-axis shows for each gene the fraction of steady states that the gene is in active state.</p

Table_1_Survival outcomes of surgical and non-surgical treatment in elderly patients with stage I pancreatic cancer: A population-based analysis.DOCX

BackgroundDue to underrepresentation in randomized controlled trials among old people (≥65 years old), the effectiveness of clinical trial-based recommendations about the treatment for stage I pancreatic cancer remains controversial. In this research, we intended to investigate the different strategies of this population in surgery group and non-surgery group.Materials and methodsElderly patients aged 65 years or older with histologically diagnosed stage I pancreatic cancer from 2006 to 2017 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The included patients were divided into surgery group (receiving surgery with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) and non-surgery group (receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, both, or neither). Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between groups by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression (Cox) proportional hazards regression was used to determine factors associated with survival.ResultsA total of 2,448 eligible patients were recruited. Among them, 18.4% were treated surgically and 81.6% were treated non-surgically. The median OS (mOS) was 26 months (95% CI: 24–30 months) in the surgery group and 7 months (95% CI: 7–8 months) in the non-surgery group. In multivariate analyses, surgery was an important factor in improving OS compared with non-surgical treatment (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29–0.39, p ConclusionSurgical resection and post-operative chemotherapy are recommended for elderly patients with stage I pancreatic cancer who can tolerate treatment, but post-operative chemoradiotherapy does not bring survival benefits compared with post-operative chemotherapy. Moreover, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are significantly related to the prognosis of elderly patients with untreated pancreatic cancer, but chemoradiotherapy has the most obvious benefit.</p

Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from multivariable* models of trimester-specific GWG and risk of SGA or LGA infants, by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI.

<p>*Adjusted for race/ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, gestational age at delivery, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes status, infant sex, pre-pregnancy physical activity (in tertiles of MET-minutes/week), pre-pregnancy Western dietary pattern score (in tertiles), and pre-pregnancy Prudent dietary pattern score (in tertiles); ** = indicates statistical significance (p-value <0.05).</p

Adjusted^a Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for Size for Gestational Age Associated With Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain (GWG).

<p>Adjusted<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0159500#t002fn001" target="_blank">^a</a> Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) for Size for Gestational Age Associated With Total and Trimester-Specific Gestational Weight Gain (GWG).</p

Table_2_Survival outcomes of surgical and non-surgical treatment in elderly patients with stage I pancreatic cancer: A population-based analysis.DOCX

BackgroundDue to underrepresentation in randomized controlled trials among old people (≥65 years old), the effectiveness of clinical trial-based recommendations about the treatment for stage I pancreatic cancer remains controversial. In this research, we intended to investigate the different strategies of this population in surgery group and non-surgery group.Materials and methodsElderly patients aged 65 years or older with histologically diagnosed stage I pancreatic cancer from 2006 to 2017 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The included patients were divided into surgery group (receiving surgery with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy) and non-surgery group (receiving radiotherapy, chemotherapy, both, or neither). Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between groups by Kaplan–Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression (Cox) proportional hazards regression was used to determine factors associated with survival.ResultsA total of 2,448 eligible patients were recruited. Among them, 18.4% were treated surgically and 81.6% were treated non-surgically. The median OS (mOS) was 26 months (95% CI: 24–30 months) in the surgery group and 7 months (95% CI: 7–8 months) in the non-surgery group. In multivariate analyses, surgery was an important factor in improving OS compared with non-surgical treatment (HR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.29–0.39, p ConclusionSurgical resection and post-operative chemotherapy are recommended for elderly patients with stage I pancreatic cancer who can tolerate treatment, but post-operative chemoradiotherapy does not bring survival benefits compared with post-operative chemotherapy. Moreover, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are significantly related to the prognosis of elderly patients with untreated pancreatic cancer, but chemoradiotherapy has the most obvious benefit.</p

Characteristics of the 8,977 Pregnant Women at Kaiser Permanente Northern California Who Delivered Between 2011 and 2013.

<p>Characteristics of the 8,977 Pregnant Women at Kaiser Permanente Northern California Who Delivered Between 2011 and 2013.</p