Effect of octreotide on oxidative stress in the erythrocyte and kidney tissue in adriamycin-induced experimental nephrotic syndrome model

Abstract Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is one of the reasons of end-stage kidney disease, and elucidating the pathogenesis and offer new treatment options is important. Oxidative stress might trigger pathogenesis systemically or isolated in the kidneys. Octreotide (OCT) has beneficial antioxidant effects. We aimed to investigate the source of oxidative stress and the effect of OCT on experimental NS model. Methods: Twenty-four non-uremic Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Control group, 2 mL saline intramuscular (im); NS group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg intravenous (iv); NS treatment group, adriamycin 5 mg/kg (iv) and OCT 200 mcg/kg (im) were administered at baseline (Day 0). At the end of 21 days, creatinine and protein levels were measured in 24-hour urine samples. Erythrocyte and renal catalase (CAT) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were measured. Renal histology was also evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in terms of CAT and TBARS in erythrocytes. Renal CAT level was lowest in NS group, and significantly lower than the control group. In treatment group, CAT level significantly increased compared with NS group. In terms of renal histology, tubular and interstitial evaluations were similar in all groups. Glomerular score was significantly higher in NS group compared with control group and it was significantly decreased in treatment group compared to NS group. Conclusions: Oxidative stress in NS might be due to the decrease in antioxidant protection mechanism in kidney. Octreotide improves antioxidant levels and histology in renal tissue and might be a treatment option

MANAGEMENT OF SYNCOPE IN THE ELDERLY

WOS: 000282657400012Syncope in elderly patients is a clinical syndrome frequently observed both in emergency rooms and outpatient clinics and it may cause mortality depending on the etiology. The main pathology at the background is global cerebral hypoperfusion. Although syncope may be seen at all age groups, it is more common in older ages. Age-associated changes in various physiological parameters contribute to development of syncope in the elderly and the underlying etiology determines its prognosis. Among the many types of syncope in the elderly, cardiac syncope is the primary syndrome resulting in increased mortality. Therefore, identification of the etiology is very important in the management of syncope. When detailed anamnesis, physical examination and EKG are inadequate for the diagnosis of an elderly syncope patient, further invasive or noninvasive examination should be performed. In the case of syncope related to neural pathways, nonpharmacological approaches are preferred. Physicians should evaluate all the medications the patient is using and the withdrawal or reduction of culprit medication should be considered. Patients must be informed about the reasons and triggers of syncope. Patients with cardiac syncope require specific treatment and an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) may be life saving for appropriate indications. Syncope in the elderly is an important geriatric syndrome that requires comprehensive assessment, rapid diagnosis and treatment

FACTORS RELATED TO FALLS AND THE FEAR OF FALLING AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Savas, Sumru/0000-0003-4836-3786WOS:000505782900010Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the fear of falling and admissions related to falls, also the associated factors with each of them among elderly patients who are admitted to the emergency department. Materials and Method: The population of this study consisted of patients aged 65 years and over who were admitted to the emergency department in August 2015. The measurement tool included questions regarding outcomes, functional state, sociodemographic data, balance and walking problems, and admissions to the emergency department due to falls within the past year which was filled by a trained interviewer via semi-structured interviews with the patients and/or their relatives. The logistic regression was applied for the analysis. Results: of the 555 patients who were included in the study, 12.6% were admitted because of falls. Admissions due to falls were associated with admissions to the emergency department over the past year due to falls, living in nursing homes, and fear of falling. The fear of falling was shown in 22.2% of the study group, and it was found to be associated with female sex, marital status, falling status, and better functional state. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between falls and the fear of falling among older patients admitted to the emergency department. There is need for further prospective studies to better understand the effect of fear of falling on falls

FACTORS RELATED TO FALLS AND THE FEAR OF FALLING AMONG ELDERLY PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the fear of falling and admissions related to falls, also the associated factors with each of them among elderly patients who are admitted to the emergency department

Platelet function and insulin resistance in aged and middle-aged obese female patients

It is well known that obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR), and IR may interact with platelet functions. Aging is also associated with (IR) and enhanced platelet aggregation (PA). Though platelet reactivity has been investigated in female individuals, to date there is insufficient data on PA in obese and elderly women for whom the physiological changes associated with aging may overlap the factors associated with obesity. Therefore we investigated PA and IR in obese aged and middle-aged female subjects. Thirty obese elderly women over 60 years of age and 30 middle-aged obese women under the age of 50 years with nonspecific complaints were enrolled in the study from internal medicine outpatient clinic. Anthropometric measurements, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and PA tests for collagen, epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate were evaluated. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2. Homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) index was calculated to estimate IR. PA tests were performed with a PA profiler. Mean age of the elderly and middle-aged women were = 69.6 ± 9.5 years and 38.6 ± 10.5 years, respectively. Waist circumference and BMI were similar between two groups. Mean HOMA-IR index value and PA with epinephrine was higher in the elderly than the control group (P = 0.04; P = 0.01, respectively). There was a positive correlation between HOMA-IR and PA with epinephrine in the elderly. Insulin resistance and platelet function test for epinephrine increased with advancing age in obese women. Large-scaled studies are needed in this area. [Med-Science 2018; 7(4.000): 813-6

Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D Level and Metabolic Control and Albumin Excretion Rate in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The aims of the study were 1. to investigate the frequency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and 2. to observe the relationships between D vitamin supplementation for 6 months and albumin excretion in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study population included 100 patients with type 2 DM treated with insulin therapy (mean age 56.1±8.8 yrs) were enrolled in the study. Of 100 patients, 30 (mean age 65.4±6.4 yrs) had low 25(OH)D level. Patients with low 25(OH)D level received 50,000 unit of vitamin D3 orally per three weeks for 6 months. Albumin excretion rate (AER) was measured in patients with low level 25(OH) D before and after D vitamin supplementation In study group (n= 100), 30 patients had low 25(OH)D level. Concentrations of 25(OH)D were; 10 (33.3%) had insufficient vitamin D levels, 19 (63.4%) had deficient levels, 1 (3.3%) had severe deficiency in patients with deficiency. There were statistically significantly differences for plasma levels of HbA1c (p=0.001), postprandial glucose (p=0.0001), triglyceride (p=0.04), total-Cholesterol (p=0.03), LDL-Cholesterol (p=0.02), and HDL-Cholesterol (p=0.001) between D vitamin supplementation. There were high frequency of 25(OH)D deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetic patients. And also, D vitamin suplementation changed metabolic parameters such as triglyceride, total-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol and HDL-Cholesterol, postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels but not albumin excretion rate. [Med-Science 2013; 2(4.000): 852-62