Torsional Natural Frequencies: Measurement Vs. Prediction

TutorialExcessive torsional vibration can cause damage or failure to rotating equipment trains thereby resulting in costly shutdowns. A comprehensive torsional vibration analysis is the typical method of designing a torsional system that avoids such problems. Requirements of a torsional system design are commonly based on the API Standards (API 617, 2002 and API 684, 2005). These standards require torsional natural frequencies (TNFs) to have at least 10% separation margin (SM) from any excitation frequency. If the recommended SM cannot be achieved, then the torsional system design must be shown to be acceptable by stress analysis. The validity of the predicted TNF and any stress analysis is dependent on the accuracy of the model. Some degree of uncertainty is always present within the analytical data, the modeling techniques, and the assumptions for excitation and damping. This paper provides an uncertainty study of more than ten (10) torsional systems. Major sources of uncertainty in torsional modeling are identified. The effect of variation in mass-elastic data is examined, and a comparison between measured and predicted TNFs for numerous cases is presented. Based on the studies and measurements, a reasonable SM range is presented, and 5% SM for measured TNFs is proposed

Balance This! Case Histories From Difficult Balance Jobs.

Tutorialpg. 193-212There are many good references for classical balance problems; however, specific ways of handling non-ideal conditions are rarely presented. Therefore, this tutorial focuses on six case histories, which illustrate actual problems that were encountered while trying to field balance different types of rotating machinery. Coupling lockup, thermal bows, eccentricity, looseness, and structural resonances can prevent successful balancing if not properly identified and corrected. This tutorial shows how these real world pitfalls can complicate balance procedures and provides some ways of dealing with these issues such as: indexing coupling parts, using inference fits, adding structural bracing, and acquiring vibration measurements at additional locations. This tutorial also gives a brief description of the common types of unbalance