Knowledge structures and their representation in the language

The authors define and describe the components which build the structure of the frame "touch

Equivalent Circuits for FeCoZr-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Films Deposited in Argon and Argon-Oxygen Atmospheres

The investigation of the equivalent circuits for granular nanocomposite films was performed according to the method of the impedance spectroscopy. The films, consisted of the Fe0.45Co0.45Zr0.10 ferromagnetic alloy nanoparticles embedded into amorphous dielectric alumina matrix, were deposited in pure argon or argon and oxygen mixture. The temperature dependences of active and reactive components in the equivalent circuits for the (Fe0.45Co0.45Zr0.10)x(Al2O3)(1-x) nanocomposite films are compared and analyzed. The presence of the inductive part in the equivalent circuits for the samples deposited in Ar gas below and beyond percolation threshold is shown. It is revealed that the equivalent circuits of the (Fe0.45Co0.45Zr0.10)x(Al2O3)(1-x) nanocomposites produced in argon + oxygen gas mixture show more strong inductive contribution than ones sputtered in pure argon

Gigantic Magnetoresistive Effect in n-SiSiO2Ni Nanostructures Fabricated by the Template-Assisted Electrochemical Deposition

The study of the carrier transport and magnetotransport in n-Si/SiO2/Ni nanostructures with granular Ni nanorods embedded into the pores in SiO2 was performed over the temperature range 2 – 300 K and at the magnetic field induction up to 8 T. In n-Si/SiO2/Ni nanostructures at temperatures of about 25 K a huge positive MR effect is observed. Possible mechanisms of the effect is discussed

Magnetotransport in Nanostructured Ni Films Electrodeposited on Si Substrate

The study of electrical resistivity  and magnetoresistance MR in nanogranular Ni films was performed over the temperature range 2 - 300 K and at the magnetic field induction B up to 8 T. The Ni layers having a thickness of about 500 nm were prepared by electrodeposition on n-Si wafers. According to an X-ray diffraction study, a strongly textured face-centered cubic structure was formed in the as-deposited films with an average grain sizes of about 10 - 70 nm. Experiments have demonstrated that the magnetic field and temperature dependences of the MR effect in Ni films shown two main peculiarities: (1) dependencies on the mutual orientations of vectors B, current and the film plane; (2) two contributions to the MR - negative anisotropic magnetoresistance and positive Lorentz-like MR

Lecture-Conversation in Methodological Instrumentation of Russian as a Foreign Language Teacher

The article justifies the urgency of development of lectures-conversations when presenting the theoretical material of the training courses to foreigners. Attention is drawn to the difficulties of foreign students in listening the lecture in its traditional understanding as a monologue of the teacher. The importance of a methodical understanding of the theoretical presentation of the material in question-answer form is emphasised. Scientific novelty and practical significance of research results is seen in the fact that the issues are described from the point of view of the purpose of their performance to the students, the positive effect of the issue, the shortcomings of the question. It is assumed that within this form of classes the teacher can introduce new material, systematize theoretical information studied by students, consolidate students’ knowledge in the subject area, take into account communicative and personal aspects of adaptation of foreign students in Russian educational environment. On the original author’s material of lecture-conversation on theoretical grammar the kinds of questions are demonstrated that are appropriate to use in dialogue with foreign students. Methodological training for teachers in the formulation of various types of questions is proposed. It is concluded that the systematic use of lecture-conversation in teaching practice will contribute to overcoming the communicative and psychological difficulties of foreign students listening to lectures in a foreign language (Russian) that meets the modern trends of multicultural education

Non-obvious Problems in Clark Electrode Application at Elevated Temperature and Ways of Their Elimination

Well-known cause of frequent failures of closed oxygen sensors is the appearance of gas bubbles in the electrolyte. The problem is traditionally associated with insufficient sealing of the sensor that is not always true. Study of a typical temperature regime of measurement system based on Clark sensor showed that spontaneous release of the gas phase is a natural effect caused by periodic warming of the sensor to a temperature of the test liquid. The warming of the sensor together with the incubation medium causes oversaturation of electrolyte by dissolved gases and the allocation of gas bubbles. The lower rate of sensor heating in comparison with the medium reduces but does not eliminate the manifestation of this effect. It is experimentally established, that with each cycle of heating of measuring system up to 37 ∘ C followed by cooling the volume of gas phase in the electrolyte (KCl; 60 g/L; 400 L) increased by 0.6 L approximately. Thus, during just several cycles it can dramatically degrade the characteristics of the sensor. A method was developed in which the oxygen sensor is heated in contact with the liquid, (depleted of dissolved gases), allowing complete exclusion of the above-mentioned effect

Оценка стоимости цифровых интеллектуальных активов: принципы, факторы, подходы и методы

The object of the study is digital assets and digital intellectual assets as objects of valuation. The subject of the research are the principles, factors, approaches and methods of assessing the value of digital assets, including digital intellectual assets, in order to involve them in civil turnover in modern realities. The relevance of the problem is caused, on the one hand, by the formation of new types of assets — digital, including intellectual — in the context of digitalization of the economy and public relations, on the other — by the uncertainties arising during their identification, as well as the need to substantiate the applicability of valuation principles, approaches and methods to determine the value of such assets for further involvement in civil turnover. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the principles, factors, approaches and methods applicable to the valuation of digital intellectual assets, their approbation on specific examples (domain names). Methods of statistical and comparative analysis, generalization, classification, and valuation were used. The essential characteristics of digital intellectual assets have been defined: intangible nature, creation with the help of digital technology; manifestation of value in the information system; the ability to civil (property) turnover as objects of intellectual rights. The applicability of valuation principles, income and comparative approaches to the valuation of digital intellectual assets is substantiated. The factors influencing the value of digital intellectual assets, as well as specific factors characteristic of one of the types of digital intellectual assets — domain names are identified. An example of using the analogs method to estimate the cost of a second-level domain name in the framework of a comparative approach is shown. It is concluded that digital intellectual assets satisfying all essential characteristics can be put on the balance sheet as intangible assets, and their market value is determined on the basis of income or comparative approaches using the principles of evaluation and identified factors.Объектом исследования выступают цифровые активы и цифровые интеллектуальные активы как объекты стоимостной оценки. Предметом исследования являются принципы, факторы, подходы и методы оценки стоимости цифровых активов, в том числе цифровых интеллектуальных активов, в целях их вовлечения в гражданский оборот в современных реалиях. Актуальность проблематики обусловлена, с одной стороны, формированием новых видов активов — цифровых, в том числе интеллектуальных — в условиях цифровизации экономики и общественных отношений, с другой — неясностями, возникающими при их идентификации, а также необходимостью обоснования применимости оценочных принципов, подходов и методов к определению стоимости таких активов для дальнейшего вовлечения в гражданский оборот. Цель исследования заключается в определении идентификационных характеристик цифровых интеллектуальных активов, обосновании принципов, факторов, подходов и методов, применимых к их стоимостной оценке, с последующей апробацией на конкретных примерах (доменные имена). Использованы методы статистического и сравнительного анализов, обобщения, классификации, стоимостной оценки. Определены сущностные характеристики цифровых интеллектуальных активов: нематериальная природа, создание с помощью цифровой технологии; проявление ценности в информационной системе; способность к гражданскому (имущесвенному) обороту в качестве объектов интеллектуальных прав. Обоснована применимость оценочных принципов, доходного и сравнительного подходов к оценке стоимости цифровых интеллектуальных активов. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на стоимость цифровых интеллектуальных активов, а также специфические факторы, характерные для одного из видов цифровых интеллектуальных активов — доменных имен. Показан пример использования метода аналогов к оценке стоимости доменного имени второго уровня в рамках сравнительного подхода. Сделан вывод о том, что цифровые интеллектуальные активы, удовлетворяющие всем сущностным характеристикам, могут быть поставлены на баланс как нематериальные активы, а их рыночная стоимость определяется на основе доходного или сравнительного подходов с использованием принципов оценки и выявленных факторов

Mechanisms of carrier transport in Cux(SiO2)1-x nanocomposites manufactured by ion-beam sputtering with Ar ions

The present paper investigates the temperature/frequency dependences of admittance Z in the granular Cux(SiO2)1x nanocomposite lms around the percolation threshold xC in the temperature range of 4 30 K and frequencies of 20 MHz. The behavior of low-frequency ReZ(T) dependences displayed the predominance of electrons hopping between the closest Cu-based nanoparticles for the samples below the percolation threshold xC = 0:59 and nearly metallic behaviour beyond the xC. The high-frequency curves ReZ(f) at temperatures T > 10 K for the samples with x < xC exhibited behavior close to ReZ(f) fs with s 1:0 which is very similar to the known Mott law for electron hopping mechanism. For the samples beyond the percolation threshold (x > xC), the frequency dependences of ReZ(f) displayed inductive-like (not capacitive) behaviour with positive values of the phase shift angles

Impedance model of metal-dielectric nanocomposites produced by ion-beam sputtering in vacuum conditions and its experimental verification for thin films of (FeCoZr)x(PZT)(100-x)

The paper presents results of testing electric properties (resistance, capacity and phase angle in an equivalent parallel circuit) of ferromagnetic alloy-dielectric nanocomposites (FeCoZr)x(PZT)(100 x) produced by ion-beam sputtering in vacuum conditions. The measurements have been performed using alternating current within the frequency range of 50 Hz -1 MHz for measuring temperatures ranging from 77 K to 373 K. In nanocomposites (CoFeZr)x(PZT)(100 x), produced by ion beam sputtering using a beam of combined argon and oxygen ions, for x approaching the percolation threshold, frequency dependences of the phase angle 4 that resemble those occurring in RLC parallel circuits have been observed. In the low frequency area, the phase angle of 90 - 0 occurs. It corresponds to the capacitive type of conduction. In the high frequency area, the inductive type of conduction with 0 - 90 occurs. At the resonance frequency f0, characterized by the phase angle of 0 , the capacity value reaches its strong local minimum. A theoretical basis for a model of the AC hopping conduction for metal-dielectric nanocomposites has been developed and on that basis frequency dependences of the phase angle, resistance and capacitive current density components have been analyzed. The obtained theoretical and experimental results have been compared