Study of highly defective titanium dioxide prepared via pulsed laser ablation

TiO2 powder was synthesized in the following way. At first, a colloidal solution of Ti in distilled water was obtained by PLA using Nd:YAG laser (wavelength of 1064 nm, frequency of 20 Hz, pulse duration of 7 ns). Then the colloidal solution was dried at 60 °C. After that, the powder was annealed at different temperatures

Effect of laser treatment of TiO2 on optical and photocatalytic properties

Nanomaterials based on dark titanium dioxide are of considerable interest as promising photocatalysts. In this work, titanium dioxide initially obtained by pulsed laser ablation (Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm, 7 ns, 20 Hz) was subjected to additional laser treatment. The thus obtained powder materials were annealed and study of the structure by X-ray diffraction, optical properties by diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and photocatalytic properties in the processes of decomposition of the Rhodamine B dye and evolution of hydrogen from an aqueous methanol solution are presente

System of Monitoring and Response to Public Health Emergencies of Sanitary-Epidemiological Character in the CIS Countries

The most important component of strengthening the potential for responding to biological threats both at the national and interstate levels is the formation of a unified system for monitoring and responding to emergencies (ES) of sanitary-epidemiological nature in the CIS territory.The aim of the work was to review the systems for monitoring and responding to emergencies of sanitary-epidemiological character in the CIS countries by the example of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic, to characterize the main areas of international cooperation on countering biological threats and coordinating international response measures in the CIS countries.Materials and methods. Information and analytical materials provided by organizations responsible for epidemiological surveillance and control in the CIS countries, Internet sources, and publications were used for the study.Results and discussion. The organization and functioning of the systems for monitoring and responding to emergencies in the CIS countries is a state function. It includes, as a rule, the national, regional (sub-national) and territorial (local) levels, which have horizontal and vertical connections. The legal framework is made up of documents of the legislative level. Interdepartmental interaction in response to emergencies is carried out both at the republican level and in administrative territories; the basis for interaction is the integrated planning of preventive and anti-epidemic measures and the functioning of the relevant organizational structures on an ongoing basis. Since 2015, with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation, programs have been implemented aimed at assisting partner countries in the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005) in order to increase national response capacity and form a unified sanitaryepidemiological emergency response system in the CIS countries. The main areas of collaboration are strengthening the material and technical base and human resources of specialized institutions and scientific cooperation. As a result of the program implementation, a unified system for monitoring and prompt response to emergencies in the field of public health of sanitary-epidemiological nature has essentially been formed in the CIS countries to date, uniting more than 15 specialized institutions from 8 CIS countries

Effect of laser and temperature treatment on the optical properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles prepared via pulsed laser ablation

Nanomaterials based on titanium dioxide are of considerable interest as promising photocatalysts for water and air purification and hydrogen generation. To increase the efficiency of TiO2, it is necessary to extend the spectral range of its absorption to the visible region. In this work, nanocolloids of dark titanium dioxide, initially prepared by pulsed laser ablation (Nd:YAG laser, 1064 nm, 7 ns) in water, are subjected to an additional laser treatment from the same source. Colloidal solutions are dried and TiO2 powders are annealed. A comparative analysis of the optical properties of the materials prepared with and without extra treatment by the methods of diffuse reflection spectroscopy, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy is carried out. The bandgap of the materials is estimated, and the nature of the defect states responsible for intense absorption in the visible region of the spectrum is determine