Enzymatic biotransformation of adipic acid to 6-aminocaproic acid and 1,6- hexamethylenediamine using engineered carboxylic acid reductases and aminotransferases

Biocatalytic reduction of carboxylic acids is gaining importance for the production of polymer precursors and different chemicals. Carboxylic acid reductases (CARs) reduce carboxylic acids to aldehydes using ATP and NADPH as cofactors under mild conditions. Recently, we demonstrated that several bacterial CARs can reduce a broad range of bifunctional carboxylic acids containing amino group or second carboxylic group including adipic acid, which is a precursor for nylon-6-6 (Khusnutdinova et al., 2017). In this project, we demonstrate application of CARs and aminotransferases for further bioconversion of adipic acid to 6-aminocaproic acid and hexamethylenediamine, two other important precursors for nylon synthesis. Based on the crystal structure of the adenylating domain of the CAR enzyme MCH22995 from Mycobacterium chelonae, we generated a structural model of the CAR enzyme MAB4714 from M. abscessus, which is active toward adipic acid. Aiming at improving MAB4714 activity toward 6-aminocaproic acid, we used structure-based protein engineering and generated 16 MAB4714 mutant proteins. Screening of 16 purified MAB4714 variants against 6-aminocaproic acid,identified one protein, which was 10 times more active than the wild-type protein. We also identified several bacterial aminotransferases producing 6-aminocaproic acid from adipic acid in combination with CARs. Further optimization of reaction conditions and application of cofactor regeneration systems resulted in efficient biotransformation of adipic acid to 6-aminocaproic acid (88% conversion) and further to 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (78% conversion). Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

The impact of information technologies on learning and education: analysis of innovative methods and strategies

The present academic paper is devoted to studying the impact of information technologies on modern education and learning, as well as analyzing innovative methods and strategies used in the educational process. The academic paper explores the benefits and drawbacks of using information technologies in education and considers innovative techniques such as Flipped Classroom, adaptive learning, massive open online courses (MOOCs), specialized learning programs, and the application of virtual reality (VR). Based on the analysis of innovative methods and strategies, the scientific article examines how modern approaches are changing traditional education and contributing to the quality of learning. The research points to the necessity of integrating information technologies into the educational process and permanently improving methods to achieve better results in modern education. The academic paper also emphasizes that the application of information technologies in education requires careful planning and support for teachers and education seekers to use these tools effectively. In conclusion, the research points out that the information technologies not only transform the way of learning and education but also create new opportunities for improving the learning and development of education seekers

Audit of Digital Civic Space in the Modern School: from Teacher to Creative Leader

The article is dedicated to modern approaches to development of digital civic space of the modern school, in the context of the research results in modern neuroscience, which is a new phenomenon in Ukraine. A brief analysis of results of recent scientific researches that raise the issue of digital citizenship in postmodern times is given. Theoretical principles and practical experience of European countries to create a digital civic space are considered. Definitions of “civic consciousness” and “digital citizenship”, “creativity”, “postmodernism” are given. The theoretical principles of research in neurosciencees in the system of pedagogical education are considered. Modern approaches to development of digital competence of participants in the educational process are singled out. Vision of the Council of Europe on the components of digital citizenship is considered, which is seen as empowering students and acquiring the necessary digital skills for successful self-realization in the postmodern era. A brief description of the Conceptual Model of Digital Citizenship Education adopted by the Council of Europe is given, emphasizing the importance of systematicity and consistency in its implementation. Prerequisites for achieving results of this Conceptual Model are generalized and highlighted. Tools for auditing the digital civic space of a modern school are proposed, which allows to determine the level of development of basic skills of a digital citizen in all participants in the educational process on the basis of modern neuroscience research results. The main audit methods for this tool are surveys, audit of school records and determination of access to digital technologies. The importance of integrating the content of the Conceptual Model of Education on Digital Citizenship into the content of subjects is emphasized, which should be reflected in the school documentation at different levels: from the Educational Program to the teacher’s lesson plan. Criteria and indicators for auditing the school’s digital civic space are detailed.</p

ORGANIZATION OF UPPER-FORMERS EDUCATION OF «INFORMATICS» IN THE PHYSICAL AND MATHEMATICAL PROFILE CLASSES

The article reviews the main theoretical and methodological problems of organization the learning, development priorities of upper-formers to subject "Informatics" in physical and mathematical profile classes. It is analyzed the content and organization of training course «Informatics» for upper form pupils. There are highlighted the goals, objectives, requirements, functions, principles, methodological approaches, methods, forms and means of training; specificity of the organization of learning the subject «Informatics» of pupils in classes of physical and mathematical profile. It is defined approach to the organization of profile study of computer science and computer technology that will directly affect the general education of students and their further professional development

Identification of the directions of professional development of heads of schools in the Russian Federation

The results of the research on the deficiency of professional competencies in school principals with experience of up to 2 years and experienced managers of general education organizations are considered in accordance with the draft of the Professional Standard “Head of an Educational Organization”. The revealed dependencies show the main directions of professional development for the directors and justify the activation of work on the formation of the personnel reserve and preparation for the entry into office. Researches were conducted by the staff of the Institute of Education Management of RAO in 2017, heads of 24 Russian regions took part in the on-line survey. The work was carried out within the framework of the State task for the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020 (in the part of RAO) (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2012 No. 2237-r) on the theme: “Theoretical and methodological basis for professional development of managers in education system” (state registration № 27.9385.2017/8.9)

Identification of the directions of professional development of heads of schools in the Russian Federation

The results of the research on the deficiency of professional competencies in school principals with experience of up to 2 years and experienced managers of general education organizations are considered in accordance with the draft of the Professional Standard “Head of an Educational Organization”. The revealed dependencies show the main directions of professional development for the directors and justify the activation of work on the formation of the personnel reserve and preparation for the entry into office. Researches were conducted by the staff of the Institute of Education Management of RAO in 2017, heads of 24 Russian regions took part in the on-line survey. The work was carried out within the framework of the State task for the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020 (in the part of RAO) (approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 3, 2012 No. 2237-r) on the theme: “Theoretical and methodological basis for professional development of managers in education system” (state registration № 27.9385.2017/8.9)

Engineering of coenzyme specificity of formate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A eukaryotic formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2, FDH) with its substrate specificity changed from NAD(+) to NADP(+) has been constructed by introducing two single-point mutations, Asp(196)-->Ala (D196A) and Tyr(197)-->Arg (Y197R). The mutagenesis was based on the results of homology modelling of a NAD(+)-specific FDH from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SceFDH) using the Pseudomonas sp.101 FDH (PseFDH) crystal structure as a template. The resulting model structure suggested that Asp(196) and Tyr(197) mediate the absolute coenzyme specificity of SceFDH for NAD(+)