HIV-infected MoDC fail to down-regulate CCR5.

<p>MoDC were infected with HIV_BAL and cultured with purified γδT cells for 5 days. MoDC phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry. (A) Representative histogram plots of one out of seven independent experiments showing CCR5 expression on MoDC in the indicated conditions. (B) Percentage of CCR5+ MoDC cultured with Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the indicated conditions. Results are shown as Box and Whiskers: the box encompasses the interquartile range of individual measurements, the horizontal bar-dividing line indicates the median value, and the whiskers represents maximum and minimum values.</p

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells do not inhibit HIV replication in MoDC.

<p>MoDC were infected with HIV_BAL and cultured with purified γδT cells stimulated or not stimulated with IPP. Before culture with γδT cells (DC+HIV T0), and after 5 days HIV p24 protein was tested in the supernatants by ELISA. Results from seven independent experiments are shown as Box and Whiskers: the box encompasses the interquartile range of individual measurements, the horizontal bar-dividing line indicates the median value, and the whiskers represents maximum and minimum values.</p

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells fail to induce CD86 and HLA-DR up-regulation on HIV-infected MoDC.

<p>MoDC were infected with HIV_BAL and cultured with purified γδT cells for 5 days. Then, MoDC phenotype were evaluated by flow cytometry. (A) Representative histogram plots of one out of seven independent experiments showing CD86 expression on MoDC in the indicated conditions. (B) Induction of CD86 expression on MoDC by activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (fold of increase: IPP stimulated/not stimulated). (C) Representative histogram plots of one out of four independent experiments showing HLA-DR expression on MoDC in the indicated conditions. (D) HLA-DR expression on MoDC (mfi) in the indicated conditions. Results are shown as Box and Whiskers: the box encompasses the interquartile range of individual measurements, the horizontal bar-dividing line indicates the median value, and the whiskers represents maximum and minimum values.</p

Effects of HIV-infected MoDC on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferation.

<p>MoDC were infected with HIV_BAL and cultured with CFDA-SE labeled Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. After 5 days, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferation and activation was evaluated by flow cytometry. (A) Representative histogram plots of one out of seven independent experiments showing Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferation. (B) CD69 expression on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the indicated conditions. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells labeled with CFDA-SE were stimulated with IPP in the presence of MoDC infected or not with HIV_BAL. After 5 days, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferation was evaluated by flow cytometry. (C) Representative histogram plots of one out of seven independent experiments showing Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferation. (D) Percentage of proliferating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells upon IPP stimulation in the indicated conditions. (E) CD69 expression (mean fluorescence intensity, mfi) on IPP stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells cultured with HIV infected or uninfected MoDC. Results are shown as Box and Whiskers: the box encompasses the interquartile range of individual measurements, the horizontal bar-dividing line indicates the median value, and the whiskers represents maximum and minimum values.</p

HIV-infected MoDC inhibit Vγ9Vδ2 T cells cytokines production.

<p>Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were stimulated with IPP in the presence of MoDC infected with HIV_BAL. After 5 days, cytokines released in the supernatants were evaluated by a multiplex immunoassay. (A) IFN-γ, (B) TNF-α, and (C) MIP1-β production, in seven independent experiments, are shown as Box and Whiskers: the box encompasses the interquartile range of individual measurements, the horizontal bar-dividing line indicates the median value, and the whiskers represents maximum and minimum values.</p

NK cells in survivors and in fatalities.

<p>The frequency of NK (<b>A</b>), and of NK subsets (<b>B:</b> CD56^bright, CD56^dim, and CD56^neg) was analyzed in HD (n = 14), EBOV-survivors (n = 7) and EBOV-fatalities (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann Whitney test and differences were considered significant with a p<0.05, and highlighted with an asterisk. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001.</p

Frequency of Vδ2 T-cells in survivors and in fatalities.

<p>The frequency of Vδ2 (<b>A</b>), Vδ2^posCD95^pos (<b>B</b>), of Vδ2^posCCR7^neg (<b>C</b>) and Vδ2^posCTLA-4^pos (<b>D</b>) was analyzed in HD (n = 14), EBOV-survivors (n = 10) and EBOV-fatalities (n = 6). Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann Whitney test and differences were considered significant with a p<0.05 and highlighted with an asterisk.*: p<0.05; **: p<0.01; ***: p<0.001.</p