Mean number ± SE of sensilla for the right antenna (white bars) and for the left antenna (grey bars) of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> foragers in function of the segment number.

<p>Putative olfactory sensilla: placodea, trichodea type A, basiconica, coeloconica (upper graphs). Non-olfactory sensilla: trichodea type B, ampullacea (lower graphs). Data were analyzed by ANOVA with antenna, segment and sensilla as within-subjects factor. An overall antenna effect emerged (F_1,13 = 22.56, p<0.001). A significant effect of segment (F_7,91 = 43.20, p<0.001), sensillum type (F_5,65 = 396.40, p<0.001) and antenna per sensillum type interaction (F_5,65 = 17.89, p<0.001) was revealed. Asterisks indicate a significant right antenna dominance in the number of olfactory sensilla trichodea type A (F_1,13 = 21.26, p<0.001). No significant antenna effects were found in the number of sensilla basiconica (F_1,13 = 1.47, p = 0.247), sensilla coeloconica (F_1,13 = 3.61, p = 0.08) and sensilla placodea (F_1,13 = 0.97, p = 0.342). Analyses of non-olfactory sensilla did not reveal any significant difference between right and left antennae in the number of sensilla trichodea type B (F_1,13 = 3.45, p = 0.086) and sensilla ampullacea (F_1,13 = 0.10, p = 0.755).</p

Scanning electron micrographs of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> foragers.

<p>(a) ventral view of a medial segment of the flagellum; (b) details of sensillum trichodeum type A, type B and sensillum placodeum; (c) details of sensillum coeloconicum, ampullaceum, trichodeum type B and setae; (d) detail of sensillum basiconicum. Am, sensillum ampullaceum; Ba, sensillum basiconicum; Co, sensillum coeloconicum; Pl, sensillum placodeum; Se, seta; TA, sensillum trichodeum type A; TB, sensillum trichodeum type B.</p

Behavioural asymmetry during recall of short-term odour memory in <i>Bombus terrestris</i> foragers, after trained on the proboscis extension reflex.

<p>Mean percent correct responses ± SE 1 h after (-)-linalool conditioning with both antennae in use (white bars), right antenna in use only (grey bars), or left antenna in use only (black bars). A significant effect of the antenna in use was found (ANOVA: F_2,27 = 80.86, p<0.001). Post hoc comparison using Tukey HSD test revealed a significant difference between bees using their right and their left antenna (p<0.001), and between bees using their left antenna and those using both antennae (p<0.001) and between bees using their right antenna and bees using both antennae (p<0.01).</p

Mean EAG ± SE absolute responses (mV) of right (unbroken lines with black squares) and left (dotted lines with empty squares) antenna of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> foragers (N = 20) to isoamyl acetate (left) and (-)-linalool (right) at five different doses (Log₁₀ µg/µl).

<p>No significant differences were found between the antennae (ANOVA: F_1,19 = 2.72, p = 0.12). Significant effects of both dose (ANOVA: F_4,16 = 42.52, p<0.001) and scent (ANOVA: F_1,76 = 107.61, p<0.001) were revealed.</p

Number of transmembrane domains predicted for CpomORs judged to be complete.

<p>_iN-terminus inside.</p><p>_oN-terminus outside.</p

Amino-acid alignment of putative <i>Cydia pomonella</i> ORs and GRs.

<p>Amino-acid alignment of putative <i>Cydia pomonella</i> ORs and GRs.</p

Number of transmembrane domains predicted for CpomIRs judged to be complete.

<p>_iN-terminus inside.</p><p>_oN-terminus outside.</p

Neighbor-joining tree of candidate odorant (OR) and gustatory (GR) receptor genes from <i>Cydia pomonella</i> and other Lepidoptera.

<p>The tree was drawn with iTOL, based on an unrooted tree constructed using the BioNJ algorithm in Seaview v.4, which was made based on a sequence alignment using MAFFT version 6. Cpom, <i>C. pomonella</i> (this paper), Bmor, <i>Bombyx mori </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Tanaka1" target="_blank">[61]</a>, Cobl, Ctenopseustis obliquana <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Jordan1" target="_blank">[33]</a>, Epos, Epiphyas postvittana <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Jordan1" target="_blank">[33]</a>, Hvir, <i>Heliothis virescens </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Krieger1" target="_blank">[50]</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Krieger2" target="_blank">[56]</a>, Msex, <i>Manduca sexta </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-GroeWilde1" target="_blank">[15]</a>, Pexc, Planotortrix excessana <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Jordan1" target="_blank">[33]</a>, Slit, <i>Spodoptera littoralis </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031620#pone.0031620-Legeai1" target="_blank">[16; Jacquin–Joly, unpublished data]</a>.</p

Amino-acid alignment of putative <i>Cydia pomonella</i> IRs with <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> IRs and iGlurs.

<p>One or more of the three ligand-binding residues critical for iGlur function (bracketed; R, T, E/D) are not conserved in <i>C. pomonella</i> IRs, supporting their classification as IRs. Accession numbers for sequences are given in this figure.</p

Sex specific expression of <i>Cydia pomonella</i> OR & GR genes.

<p>Gel electrophoresis of RT-PCR products using antennal RNAs from male and female <i>C. pomonella</i>, with primers designed to amplify putative CpomOR & GR genes. NTC, No Template Control.</p