Public Data Archiving in Ecology and Evolution:How Well Are We Doing?

Policies that mandate public data archiving (PDA) successfully increase accessibility to data underlying scientific publications. However, is the data quality sufficient to allow reuse and reanalysis? We surveyed 100 datasets associated with nonmolecular studies in journals that commonly publish ecological and evolutionary research and have a strong PDA policy. Out of these datasets, 56% were incomplete, and 64% were archived in a way that partially or entirely prevented reuse. We suggest that cultural shifts facilitating clearer benefits to authors are necessary to achieve high-quality PDA and highlight key guidelines to help authors increase their data’s reuse potential and compliance with journal data policies.12 page(s

Heusler compounds as ternary intermetallic nanoparticles: Co2FeGa

This work describes the preparation of ternary nanoparticles based on the Heusler compound Co2FeGa. Nanoparticles with sizes of about 20 nm were synthesized by reducing a methanol impregnated mixture of CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O, Fe(NO3)(3) center dot 9H(2)O and Ga(NO3)(3) center dot xH(2)O after loading on fumed silica. The dried samples were heated under pure H-2 gas at 900 degrees C. The obtained nanoparticles-embedded in silica-were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, temperature dependent magnetometry and Mossbauer spectroscopy. All methods clearly revealed the Heusler-type L2(1) structure of the nanoparticles. In particular, anomalous XRD data demonstrate the correct composition in addition to the occurrence of the L2(1) structure. The magnetic moment of the particles is about 5 mu(B) at low temperature in good agreement with the value of bulk material. This suggests that the half-metallic properties are conserved even in particles on the 10 nm scale. RI Balke, Benjamin/A-5958-2009; Felser, Claudia/A-5779-2009; Kolb, Ute/A-2642-2011; Mugnaioli, Enrico/E-6237-2011; Fecher, Gerhard/H-2470-2011; Jenkins, Catherine/A-7740-201

Heusler compounds as ternary intermetallic nanoparticles: Co2FeGa

This work describes the preparation of ternary nanoparticles based on the Heusler compound Co2FeGa. Nanoparticles with sizes of about 20 nm were synthesized by reducing a methanol impregnated mixture of CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O, Fe(NO3)(3) center dot 9H(2)O and Ga(NO3)(3) center dot xH(2)O after loading on fumed silica. The dried samples were heated under pure H-2 gas at 900 degrees C. The obtained nanoparticles-embedded in silica-were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, temperature dependent magnetometry and Mossbauer spectroscopy. All methods clearly revealed the Heusler-type L2(1) structure of the nanoparticles. In particular, anomalous XRD data demonstrate the correct composition in addition to the occurrence of the L2(1) structure. The magnetic moment of the particles is about 5 mu(B) at low temperature in good agreement with the value of bulk material. This suggests that the half-metallic properties are conserved even in particles on the 10 nm scale

Immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis: the flip side of the wonder drugs

Immune checkpoint inhibitors block the co-inhibitory receptors on T cells to activate their cytotoxic immune function and are rapidly being explored for the treatment of various advanced-stage malignancies. These novel drugs have already significantly increased survival rates. The first available immune checkpoint inhibitors were cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors (such as ipilimumab), followed by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors (such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab). Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies have demonstrated better efficacy and tolerability and less severe adverse effects compared to anti-CTLA-4 agents. Idelalisib, a PI3Kδ isoform inhibitor, is another immunotherapeutic agent that is often classified separately and is currently used in treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Despite successful therapeutic responses, immune-related adverse events have been reported with the use of these agents. The gastrointestinal side effects, particularly diarrhea, are among the most commonly reported symptoms. The histologic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis show a spectrum of patterns of injury among various drug classes. There is significant overlap between immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis and other colitides, making the differential diagnosis difficult—especially in the absence of clinical history. The histopathology data on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis are limited. Here we review clinical features as well as various histologic patterns of colitis associated with these groups of medications