Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Radioisotop Tulium-170 ( 170 Tm)

Tulium-170 ( 170 Tm) merupakan radioisotop pemancar β yang memiliki T1/2 = 128,4 hari dan E β (maksimum) sebesar 0,968 MeV. Radioisotop 170 Tm selain pemancar β juga memancarkan sinar γ dengan energi sebesar 84 keV (3,26%) yang dapat digunakan untuk penyidikan (imaging) selama terapi berlangsung. Berdasarkan sifat radionuklidanya, 170 Tm dapat digunakan sebagai radioisotop alternatif dalam pembuatan radiofarmaka untuk paliatif pengganti 89 SrCl2. Pembuatan radioisotop 170 Tm telah dilakukan menggunakan sasaran tulium oksida (Tm2O3) alam yang diiradiasi di fasilitas iradiasi RSG-G.A. Siwabessy – Serpong. Bahan sasaran dilarutkan dengan larutan HCl 1 N sambil dikisatkan perlahan-lahan sampai hampir kering, kemudian dilarutkankembali dengan akuabides steril. Larutan 170 TmCl3 diuji melalui pemeriksaan kemurnian radiokimia dengan cara kromatografi kertas dan elektroforesis kertas. Aktivitas dan kemurnian radionuklida larutan 170 TmCl3 ditentukan dengan menggunakan alat cacah spektrometer γ saluran ganda. Larutan radioisotop 170 TmCl3 yang diperoleh mempunyai pH antara 1,5 – 2, terlihat jernih, mempunyai aktivitas jenis dan konsentrasi radioaktif masing-masing sebesar 1,9– 2,7 mCi/mg dan 17 - 24 mCi/mL pada saat end of irradiation (EOI). Larutan 170 TmCl3 mempunyai kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 99,14 ± 0,42% dan kemurnian radionuklida sebesar100%. Hasil uji stabilitas larutan radioisotop 170 TmCl3 terhadap waktu penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa setelah disimpan selama stabil dengan kemurnian radiokimia sebesar 99,43 ± 0,56%

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MOLYBDENUM CONTENT IN 99mTc SOLUTION VIA Mo-TGA-KSCN COMPLEXES FORMATION

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MOLYBDENUM CONTENT IN 99mTc SOLUTION VIA Mo-TGA-KSCN COMPLEXES FORMATION. Quality of Technetium-99m solution is determined from its radiochemical, radionuclidic and chemical purity. One of the major concern about chemical purity of Tc-99m from irradiated natural molybdenum is its molybdenum content or Mo breaktrough. Spectrophotometric method is one of method that could be applied for Mo determination in Tc-99m solution. Molybdenum (V) could form a colored complexes with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) but Molybdenum (VI) must be reduced before formed a complexes with KSCN. Thioglycolic Acid (TGA) was used as reducing agent to obtain reduced Mo (Mo(V)). A series of optimization process was carried out to find optimum condition of complex formation for analysis purposes. Optimized condition were 3 mL of 25% HCl was added into a volume of Mo sample, followed by 200 µL  of 10% TGA, 1 mL of 10% KSCN, and water addition up to 10 mL total volume. The method is linear over 2 ppm to 30 ppm Mo with regression coeffisient 0.9988±0.0007. The detection limit was 0.212 ppm Mo. Color of the complex has a stability of absorbance up to 120 minutes while stored at room temperature. No significant deviation occured when 1000 ppm of oxalic acid, methyl ethyl ketone and iron added into sample solution. This complexing method is suitable for spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum content in Tc-99m solution as a part of quality control process

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BENZOTRIAZOLIUM-BASED IONIC LIQUIDS FOR TECHNETIUM-99M SEPARATION FROM MOLYBDENUM BY IL-MEDIATED EXTRACTION PROCESS

Various separation techniques for separation of technetium-99m (99mTc) from molybdenum-99 (99Mo) are being developed to overcome the drawbacks of using 99Mo from neutron activation technique. Ionic liquids (ILs) were used in many extraction processes in metal separation due to their high selectivity. In this research, two benzotriazolium-based ionic liquids were used as co-extractant in 99mTc/ Mo separation process via liquid-liquid extraction. 1-octyl-3-methyl-benzotriazolium iodide ([MeOcBtu]I) and 1-octyl-3-methyl-benzotriazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide ([MeOcBtu]TF2N) were successfully synthesized and analyzed by FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Extraction processes were conducted in various organic solvents, pH, and extraction time without/ with ionic liquids addition. The data of ratio between 99mTc distribution coefficient compared to Mo distribution coefficient showed that the addition of ionic liquids exhibited significant improvement of separation factor. The separation factor of extraction using conventional water immiscible solvent ranged between 0 – 8 and increased to 30 – 600 as ILs were added. The optimum conditions which achieved highest separation factor were pH 14 using [MeOcBtu]I-chloroform. Benzotriazolium-based ionic liquid potential to be developed as extractant in the separation of 99mTc from 99Mo. Keywords: Ionic liquids, benzotriazolium, technetium-99m, molybdenum, liquid-liquid extraction

SYNTHESIS OF BUTHYL BROMIDE LABELED 82Br FOR LEAKAGE DETECTION APPLICATION IN INDUSTRIAL PIPELINE SYSTEM

The detection of a leakage in an installation or pipeline in industrial complex is difficult to be done because related to security, safety, and operation condition. With expanded radioisotope application as a tracer in industry, hence a leakage in a pipe can be detected easily and qiuickly without needed excavation or stop the production process. The selection of radioisotope labeled compound as radiotracer should be examined carefully to determine the appropriate and well mixed radiotracer with the material passing through the pipeline system. Radioisotope labeled compound butyl bromide-82 (C4H982Br) as a radiotracer can be synthesized by reacting K82Br with 1-butanol and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as a catalyst. The experiment result shows that synthesized C4H982Br by composition of 15 mL K82Br solution (0.1 gr/mL KBr) and 10 mL 1-butanol gave the highest percentage of reactions amount 50,00% and 40,95%. Characterization by FTIR showed that the product has absorption band for C-Br at 514,99-738,74 cm-1. GCMS analysis showed the peak of C4H982Br together with other 7 peaks of impurities with 43.03% percentage of C4H982Br peak. In distribution coefficient determination of C4H982Br in the test solution from industry (ethylene dichloride), Kd value of 5,1350 was obtained and more than 98% C4H982Br distilled together with ethylene dichloride in 110°C distillation process whereas no radioactivity detected in distillation flask if K82Br was used. Based on these results, C4H982Br is suitable to be applied as radiotracer for leakage detection in pipeline system with organic compounds as passing liquid including ethylene dichloride