Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed Condensation Reaction of Isocoumarins and 1,7-Heptadiamine in the Formation of Bis-Isoquinolinones

The diversified bis-isoquinolinones were obtained in two steps, utilizing homophthalic acid and various acid chlorides providing 3-substituted isocoumarins in the first step which on further condensation with 1,7-heptadiamine involving C–N bond formation from the lactone in the presence of 10 mol% zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) (<150 nm) afforded the desired bis-isoquinolinones in high yield and purity. The synthesized compounds were then characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS techniques

Green Chemical Approach: Low-Melting Mixture as a Green Solvent for Efficient Michael Addition of Homophthalimides with Chalcones

Employing Burkhard Konig’s l-(+)-tartaric acid-dimethyl urea (DMU) mixture as an efficient catalyst or as solvent for the Michael addition of various chalcones with <i>N</i>-arylhomophthalimides could successfully furnish the corresponding 4-subtituted-<i>N</i>-arylhomophthalides under mild conditions. The melts were found to be inexpensive, nontoxic, simple to use, high yielding, reusable, and biodegradable

Thiourea-Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Diversified Thioethers

An efficient and simple thiourea-mediated regioselective synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diversified thioethers is reported. The regioselective reaction avoids byproduct formation and offers simplified methodology, wider applicability, and easy workability and an environmentally friendly approach toward symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioethers. The mechanism of formation of thiols and symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioethers involving a sulfur surrogate is described