Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Samples from Mowe Metropolis, Ogun State, Nigeria

A measured Escherichia coli level in drinking water is perhaps the most popular means of determining human health risks globally. Water samples from wells, boreholes and sachet water, the 3 predominant sources of drinking water in the study area were evaluated for the presence of bacteria, particularly E coli. Bacteria isolation was done using standard microbiological procedures while identification of isolates was done using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Enumeration of standard plate count was done by spread plate method on serially diluted water samples. The prevalence of E coli in the water samples and the activities of cefoxitin, fusidic acid, meticillin, penicillin and vancomycin against the E coli isolates and the susceptibility testing data were obtained using Kirby Bauer method. A total of six bacteria species Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. The mean bacteria counts ranged between 3.74 x 104 to 1.65 x 102 CFU/ml for well and borehole water and 0.81 to 5.1 x 102 CFU/ml for sachet water samples. Out of the 6 E coli strains representing 27.2% of the isolated bacteria species; two, representing 33.3% of the strainsshowed moderate to high resistance against meticillin. These findings are expected to motivate public health stakeholders in the study location to attempt reducing the growing resistance of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, and their ecotoxic effects.Key words: antibiotic resistance, meticillin, water quality, E. coli Un niveau d'Escherichia coli mesurées dans l'eau potable est peut-être le moyen le plus populaire de la détermination des risques pour la santé humaine à l'échelle mondiale. Des échantillons d'eau de puits, de forages et de l'eau de sachet, les trois principales sources d’eau potable dans la zone d'étude ont été évalués pour la présence de bactéries, en particulier E. coli. L'isolement de bactéries a été effectué en utilisant des procédures microbiologiques standard tandis que l'identification des isolats a été effectuée à l'aide des caractéristiques culturelles, morphologiques et biochimiques. Énumération de nombre de plaque standard a été effectuée par la méthode de la plaque de propagation sur des échantillons d'eau dilués en série. La prévalence de E. coli dans les échantillons d'eau et les activités de la céfoxitine, l'acide fusidique, la méticilline, la pénicilline etde la vancomycine contre les isolats de E. coli et les données de tests de sensibilité ont été obtenus en utilisant la méthode de Kirby Bauer. Un total de six espèces de bactéries :Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus,  Enterobacter aerogenes ont été isolés à partir d'échantillons d'eau provenant de puits, de forage et des échantillons d'eau de sachet dans la zone d'étude. Les bactéries, les valeurs moyennes se situaient entre 3,74 x 104 à 1,65 x 102 UFC / ml pour le bien et l'eau de forage et de 0,81 à 5,1 x 102 UFC / ml pour les échantillons d'eau de sachet. Sur les 6 souches d'E.coli représentant 27,2% des espèces de bactéries isolées ; deux (33,3 %) des souches ont montré une résistance modéré à haute à la pénicilline. Ces résultats devraient inciter les intervenants en santé publique dans le lieu de l'étude de tenter de réduire la résistance croissante des bactéries  pathogènes dans l'environnement et leurs effets écotoxiques.Mots clés: Résistance aux antibiotiques, pénicilline, qualité l’eau, E. coli

Unusually High Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Male University Students on Redemption Camp, Ogun State, Nigeria

Differences are known to occur in prevalence rates in urinary tract infections (UTI) between men and women due to the difference between the urinary tracts of the sexes. Moreover, different organisms are known to infect and cause bacteriuria in men. When urine samples from 55 apparently healthy male students of Redeemer’s University were examined, nine bacteria species including Micrococcus luteus, Viellonella parvula, Micrococcus varians, Streptococcus downei, Streptococcus pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyrogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,and Enterococcus aquimarinus were isolated from the samples. The two most prevalent organisms reported in this study were Micrococcus luteus (40%) and Micrococcus varians (27.3%). The implication of the high prevalence rates (54.5%) of asymptomatic bacteriuria obtained in this population is discussed.Key words: Asymptomatic UTI, bacteriuria, Micrococcus luteu

Effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means of improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water

The evaluation of the effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means for improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water was carried out using a completely randomized block design. Total plate and total coliform counts were enumerated for day 0 -10 samples using Nutrient Agar (NA) and multiple tube techniques respectively. Physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried out using standard procedures including titrimetric methods. Ten bacteria species including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundil, Salmonella typhymurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Arizona spp., Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. For day zero samples, it was found that the total bacteria counts ranged from 1.01x102 to 4.38 x102 CFU/mL for borehole, 0.57x102 to 2.13x102 CFU/mL for well and 0.54x102 to 0.92x102 CFU/mL for sachet water. A significant reduction in bacteria load was recorded for all samples from day 2 to day 7 when the water samples were monitored over a period of ten days. The results reveal that water storage for 2-7 days is a viable point-of-use method of household level drinking water disinfection. © 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Nigerian Institute of Standards, Coliforms, water storage, E.coli

Evaluation of Protective Activity of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Lantana Camara on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Hepatic Injury in Wistar Rats

In this study, the protective effects of 50 – 300 mg/kg/oral of the ethanolic extract of Lantana Camara stem bark were investigated in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in non-hepatectomized Wistar rats. Results showed Lantana camara extract to significantly (