DAMPAK SECARA EKONOMI AKIBAT PERANG DIPONEGORO BAGI BELANDA

Pasukan Belanda mengintervensi kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia dan memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan perdagangan dan politik di Indonesia. Salah satu konflik militer besar antara pemberontak Jawa Pangeran Diponegoro dan pemerintah kolonial Belanda di Hindia Belanda adalah Perang Diponegoro (1825-1830). Pertempuran ini memiliki dampak ekonomi yang signifikan terhadap Belanda, dengan kerugian tidak kurang dari 20 juta gulden dan korban jiwa yang besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis informasi dari buku-buku, jurnal, dan artikel mengenai Pangeran Diponegoro, pemerintah Belanda, dan dampak ekonomi perang Diponegoro bagi Belanda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjadi referensi mengenai dampak ekonomi Perang Diponegoro bagi Belanda dan menggunakan pendekatan metode historis dan filosofis dalam menjelaskan secara deskriptif

Bosentan Delivery via Nano Metal-Organic Framework nanoMIL-89 Restores Vascular Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Mashael A Al-Badr,1,2 Hanan H Abunada,1 Richa Gill,3 Hend S Fayed,4 Ayman Al Haj Zen,4 Mohammad A Al-Ghouti,3 Md Mizanur Rahman,2 Nura A Mohamed,1 Haissam Abou-Saleh5 1Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; 2Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; 3Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; 4College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar; 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, QatarCorrespondence: Haissam Abou-Saleh, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, Email [email protected]: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disorder characterized by endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammation. Current treatments, such as Bosentan (an endothelin receptor antagonist), are limited by systemic toxicity and a short half-life. This study aimed to evaluate a nanomedicine formulation of Bosentan using the iron-based metal–organic framework MIL-89 (nanoMIL-89) as a targeted drug delivery platform.Methods: Bosentan-loaded nanoMIL-89 (Bosentan@nanoMIL-89) was synthesized and characterized using microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and HPLC. In vitro assays were conducted on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) under both basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions.Results: Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 exhibited no significant cytotoxic or genotoxic effects while maintaining cellular viability. Under basal conditions, it reduced CXCL8 expression by up to 64.38% in HUVECs and 43.34% in HPASMCs. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions, CXCL8 suppression was further enhanced to 94.20% in HUVECs and 58.14% in HPASMCs. In HUVECs, Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 also decreased endothelin-1 (ET-1) release by up to 96.68% and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 46.17% under non-inflammatory conditions. These dose-dependent effects underscore its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 promoted angiogenic activity in HUVECs, suggesting therapeutic potential for vascular repair.Conclusion: These findings highlight Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 as a promising nanotherapeutic platform for PAH. By improving efficacy while mitigating systemic side effects, this approach reinforces the broader potential of MOF-based drug delivery systems in the management of vascular diseases. Keywords: nanoparticles, nanomedicine, PAH, endothelial dysfunction, drug delivery, vascular homeostasi

Adaptive compressive sensing for target tracking within wireless visual sensor networks-based surveillance applications

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSNs) have gained significant importance in the last few years and have emerged in several distinctive applications. The main aim is to design low power WVSN surveillance application using adaptive Compressive Sensing (CS) which is expected to overcome the WVSN resource constraints such as memory limitation, communication bandwidth and battery constraints. In this paper, an adaptive block CS technique is proposed and implemented to represent the high volume of captured images in a way for energy efficient wireless transmission and minimum storage. Furthermore, to achieve energy-efficient target detection and tracking with high detection reliability and robust tracking, to maximize the lifetime of sensor nodes as they can be left for months without any human interactions. Adaptive CS is expected to dynamically achieve higher compression rates depending on the sparsity nature of different datasets, while only compressing relative blocks in the image that contain the target to be tracked instead of compressing the whole image. Hence, saving power and increasing compression rates. Least mean square adaptive filter is used to predicts target’s next location to investigate the effect of CS on the tracking performance. The tracking is achieved in both indoor and outdoor environments for single/multi targets. Results have shown that with adaptive block CS up to 20 % measurements of data are required to be transmitted while preserving the required performance for target detection and tracking