An Analysis of Article 28 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and Proposals for Reform

The purpose of this Note is two-fold: first, to demonstrate why the standards set out in Article 28 require further clarification, and second, to propose reforms (both inside and outside of the United Nations framework) that might benefit indigenous peoples claiming land rights

Intracranial Pressure and Its Relationship to Glaucoma: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Retrospective and prospective studies looking at the role of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP)/intracranial pressure (ICP) have stimulated new theories and hypotheses regarding the underlying causal events for glaucoma. Most recently, studies supporting a low CSFP/ICP as a risk factor for glaucoma have been published. This review summarizes the current understanding of CSFP/ICP and its potential role in the pathogenicity of the disease

Intracranial Pressure and Its Relationship to Glaucoma: Current Understanding and Future Directions

Retrospective and prospective studies looking at the role of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP)/intracranial pressure (ICP) have stimulated new theories and hypotheses regarding the underlying causal events for glaucoma. Most recently, studies supporting a low CSFP/ICP as a risk factor for glaucoma have been published. This review summarizes the current understanding of CSFP/ICP and its potential role in the pathogenicity of the disease

Harm Reduction en la Ciudad de Nueva York

Entrevistamos especialistas del Educadores de la Reducción de Daños de Nueva York y Sarah Evans quien era un líder del primero centro de la prevención de sobredosis en America Norte. Encontramos que este campo es una solución pragmática para la crisis de addición a los opioides. Spanish - https://dimitrifautsch.medium.com/la-reducci%C3%B3n-de-da%C3%B1os-en-nueva-york-a0a8c8ccef4a English - https://jasongonzalez76.wixsite.com/website/post/new-york-s-first-supervised-safe-injection-sites-are-a-first-of-its-kind-in-the-united-state

Notes

Notes by Richard A. Molique, F. Louis Fautsch, John A. Berry, Joseph A. McCabe, Stephen P. Banas, Robert Devine, John J. Locher, and J. S. Montedonico

Comparison of Exergaming and Adaptive Physical Education on Physical Activity, On-task Behavior, and Communication in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cette étude a comparé une évaluation objective de l’activité physique (AP), des comportements sur la tâche et de la communication durant des sessions d’éducation physique adaptée (EPad) et de jeux vidéos actifs avec des enfants présentant des troubles autistiques (TA). Durant l’été 2016, cinq garçons diagnostiqués avec des TA aux États-Unis (tous africain-américain; M̅age=6.8±2.1 ans) ont participé à une étude observationnelle de trois semaines mobilisant des méthodes mixtes. Les observations ont été conduites durant une session d’EPad et une session de jeux vidéos actifs chaque semaine pendant trois semaines consécutives (c’est-à-dire au total trois sessions d’EPad et trois sessions de jeux vidéos actifs). L’AP a été mesurée par accélérométrie tandis que des observations directes ont évalué les comportements sur la tâche ainsi que la communication entre les enseignants/aides et les enfants. Les enseignants/aides ont complété des enquêtes à base de questions ouvertes au sujet des facilitateurs et des barrières à ces trois variables durant l’EPad et les jeux vidéos actifs. Comparé à l’EPad, les jeux vidéos actifs présentent un temps d’AP modéré à vigoureux plus long (16.9 contre 12.2 min respectivement) mais des temps plus faibles d’AP légère (10.8 contre 13.0 min respectivement) et de comportements sédentaires (22.3 contre 24.7 respectivement). De plus grands pourcentages de comportements sur la tâche et de communication ont été observés durant l’EPad (93.0% and 34.0% respectivement) en comparaison aux jeux vidéos actifs (67.0% and 16.1% respectivement). Les observations ont montré que l’EPad était supérieure pour promouvoir des comportements sur la tâche et de la communication en comparaison avec les jeux vidéos actifs. Dans la mesure où les comportements sur la tâche et la communication sont vitaux pour les enfants atteints de TA, les programmes de jeux vidéos actifs sont à prendre avec précaution avec cette population.This study compared objectively-assessed physical activity (PA), on-task behavior, and communication during adaptive physical education (AdPE) and exergaming sessions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In Spring 2016, five boys with diagnosed ASD in the U.S. (all African American; M̅age=6.8±2.1 years) participated in a mixed methods 3-week observational study. Observations were conducted during one AdPE and one exergaming session each week for three consecutive weeks (six total). Accelerometry tracked PA while direct observation assessed on-task behavior and communication between teachers/aides and children. Teachers/aides completed open-ended surveys regarding the facilitators and barriers of our main outcomes during AdPE and exergaming. Compared to AdPE, exergaming had higher moderate-to-vigorous PA duration (16.9 vs. 12.2 min., respectively), but lower durations of light PA (10.8 vs. 13.0 min., respectively) and sedentary behavior (22.3 vs. 24.7 min., respectively). Greater percentages of on-task behavior and communication were seen during AdPE (93.0% and 34.0%, respectively) vs. Exergaming (67.0% and 16.1%, respectively). Space allocation/size were barriers during both PA sessions. Observations indicated that AdPE was superior in promoting on-task behavior/communication compared to exergaming. As on-task behavior/communication is vital to promote in children with ASD, exergaming programs in this population are cautioned

Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Estimation Using Formulae Derived From Clinical Data

Purpose: To evaluate a frequently used regression model and a new, modified regression model to estimate cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). Methods: Datasets from the Beijing iCOP study from Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China, and the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, were tested in this retrospective, case-control study. An often-used regression model derived from the Beijing iCOP dataset, but without radiographic data, was used to predict CSFP by using demographic and physiologic data. A regression model was created using the Mayo Clinic dataset and tested against a validation group. The Mayo Clinic-derived formula was also tested against the Beijing Eye Study population. Intraclass correlation was used to assess predicted versus actual CSFP. Results: The Beijing-derived regression equation was reported to have an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.71, indicating strong correlation between predicted and actual CSFP in the study population. The Beijing iCOP regression model poorly predicted CSFP in the Mayo Clinic population with an ICC of 0.14. The Mayo Clinic-derived regression model similarly did not predict CSFP in its Mayo Clinic validation group (ICC 0.28 ± 0.04) nor in the Beijing Eye Study population (ICC 0.06). Conclusions: Formulae used to predict CSFP derived from clinical data fared poorly against a large retrospective dataset. This may be related to differences in lumbar puncture technique, in the populations tested, or the timing of collection of physiologic variables in the Mayo Clinic dataset. Caution should be used when interpreting results based on formulaic derivation of CSFP

Body Mass Index Has a Linear Relationship with Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure

To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP), as low BMI and low CSFP have recently been described as risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)

Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Decreases with Older Age

Clinical studies implicate low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) or a high translaminar pressure difference in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG). This study was performed to examine the effect of age, sex, race and body mass index (BMI) on CSFP