Exploring the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and entrepreneurship

Objective: To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and entrepreneurial profiles and the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics in individuals who screen positive for ADHD and self-identify as entrepreneurs. Methods: We sent 4,341 questionnaires by e-mail to applicants for a career development course for entrepreneurs. We used the propensity score covariate adjustment to balance differences between included and excluded individuals. ADHD symptoms were evaluated with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. The Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation scale was used to assess the entrepreneurial profile of the participants. Impairment from ADHD symptoms was assessed with the Barkley Functional Impairment Scale. Results: Those who screened positive for ADHD had higher risk-taking scores (p-value = 0.016) and lower proactivity (p-value = 0.001) than those who screened negative. Higher inattention scores were related to lower proactivity (p-value o 0.001), while higher hyperactive symptom scores were related to a more generalized entrepreneurial profile (p-value = 0.033). Among ADHD-positive participants, entrepreneurial profile scores were not significantly associated with company profits or impairment. Conclusion: Inattention symptoms were related to less proactivity, whereas hyperactive symptoms were positively associated with a general entrepreneurial orientation. ADHD-positive individuals had a higher risk-taking profile, and these characteristics did not negatively impact their lives

Acompanhamento da implementação de um sistema de incentivo à motivação em uma empresa do ramo moveleiro

Este trabalho apresenta o acompanhamento da implementação de um Sistema de Incentivos em uma indústria moveleira de pequeno porte. O sistema foi desenvolvido visando o aumento de autonomia e da eficiência das práticas de trabalho dos colaboradores, premiando o sucesso dos participantes com bonificações financeiras. Tal implementação foi realizada na forma de um projeto piloto que selecionou previamente dois determinados setores da organização, com o objetivo de facilitar a análise das perdas e condições de trabalho existentes e desenvolver os procedimentos necessários, bem como melhorar a avaliação dos resultados obtidos através da criação de indicadores de monitoramento. Após a conclusão dos procedimentos, um questionário de avaliação foi aplicado aos colaboradores participantes para se verificar suas impressões sobre o Sistema de Incentivos implantado e os resultados alcançados. Os principais resultados do trabalho foram a redução das perdas em processo acompanhadas e o parecer positivo dos participantes com relação à eficácia do sistema proposto.This work presents the monitoriment of the implementation of an Incentive System in a small furniture manufacturer. The system was developed aiming the increment of autonomy and efficiency in employees’ work practices, rewarding successful actions with financial bonuses. This implementation was performed through a pilot project that previously selected a determined section of the organization, in order to turn it easier to analyze process losses and work conditions and to develop the necessary procedures, as well as improve the evaluation of the obtained results using indicators. After the final procedures, an evaluation form was applied to the participant employees to verify their impressions about the Incentive System and the reached results. The main results obtained were the reduction of the controlled process losses and the positive feedback of the participants about the proposed system’s efficacy

Acompanhamento da implementação de um sistema de incentivo à motivação em uma empresa do ramo moveleiro

Este trabalho apresenta o acompanhamento da implementação de um Sistema de Incentivos em uma indústria moveleira de pequeno porte. O sistema foi desenvolvido visando o aumento de autonomia e da eficiência das práticas de trabalho dos colaboradores, premiando o sucesso dos participantes com bonificações financeiras. Tal implementação foi realizada na forma de um projeto piloto que selecionou previamente dois determinados setores da organização, com o objetivo de facilitar a análise das perdas e condições de trabalho existentes e desenvolver os procedimentos necessários, bem como melhorar a avaliação dos resultados obtidos através da criação de indicadores de monitoramento. Após a conclusão dos procedimentos, um questionário de avaliação foi aplicado aos colaboradores participantes para se verificar suas impressões sobre o Sistema de Incentivos implantado e os resultados alcançados. Os principais resultados do trabalho foram a redução das perdas em processo acompanhadas e o parecer positivo dos participantes com relação à eficácia do sistema proposto.This work presents the monitoriment of the implementation of an Incentive System in a small furniture manufacturer. The system was developed aiming the increment of autonomy and efficiency in employees’ work practices, rewarding successful actions with financial bonuses. This implementation was performed through a pilot project that previously selected a determined section of the organization, in order to turn it easier to analyze process losses and work conditions and to develop the necessary procedures, as well as improve the evaluation of the obtained results using indicators. After the final procedures, an evaluation form was applied to the participant employees to verify their impressions about the Incentive System and the reached results. The main results obtained were the reduction of the controlled process losses and the positive feedback of the participants about the proposed system’s efficacy

Are ADHD medications under or over prescribed worldwide? : protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by age inappropriate and impairing levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Pharmacotherapy is an important part of the ADHD multimodal treatment. The extent to which ADHD is pharmacologically over or under treated worldwide is controversial. We aimed to estimate the pooled worldwide rate of ADHD pharmacological treatment in individuals with and without the disorder. Method and Analysis: We will include published or unpublished studies reporting the rates of ADHD pharmacological treatment in participants with and without ADHD of any age group. Population-based, cohort, or follow-up studies, as well as data from insurance health system and third-party reimbursements will be eligible. Searches will be performed in a large number of electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of ADHD pharmacological treatment in individuals with ADHD and without ADHD. Two independent reviewers will perform the screening, and data extraction process. Study quality/bias will be assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa scale by 2 independent reviewers. To test the robustness of the findings, we will perform a series of sensitivity and meta-regression analysis. Analyses will be performed with R and STATA software

Assessing undertreatment and overtreatment/misuse of ADHD medications in children and adolescents across continents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

A controversy exists on whether there is an over or underuse of medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We conducted the first meta-analysis to estimate the rate of ADHD pharmacological treatment in both diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Based on a pre-registered protocol (CRD42018085233), we searched a broad set of electronic databases and grey literature. After screening 25,676 abstracts, we retained 36 studies including 104,305 subjects, from which 18 studies met our main analysis criteria. The pooled pharmacological treatment rates were 19.1 % and 0.9 % in school-age children/adolescents with and without ADHD, respectively. We estimated that for each individual using medication without a formal ADHD diagnosis, there are three patients with a formal diagnosis who might benefit from medication but do not receive it in the US. Our results indicate both overtreatment/misuse of medication in individuals without ADHD and pharmacological undertreatment in youths with the disorder. Our findings reinforce the need for public health policies improving education on ADHD and discussions on the benefits and limitations of ADHD medications

Assessing undertreatment and overtreatment/misuse of ADHD medications in children and adolescents across continents : a systematic review and meta-analysis

A controversy exists on whether there is an over or underuse of medications for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We conducted the first meta-analysis to estimate the rate of ADHD pharmacological treatment in both diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Based on a pre-registered protocol (CRD42018085233), we searched a broad set of electronic databases and grey literature. After screening 25,676 abstracts, we retained 36 studies including 104,305 subjects, from which 18 studies met our main analysis criteria. The pooled pharmacological treatment rates were 19.1 % and 0.9 % in school-age children/adolescents with and without ADHD, respectively. We estimated that for each individual using medication without a formal ADHD diagnosis, there are three patients with a formal diagnosis who might benefit from medication but do not receive it in the US. Our results indicate both overtreatment/misuse of medication in individuals without ADHD and pharmacological undertreatment in youths with the disorder. Our findings reinforce the need for public health policies improving education on ADHD and discussions on the benefits and limitations of ADHD medications

ECTOPIC EXPRESSION OF FSH RECEPTOR ISOFORMS IN NEOPLASTIC BUT NOT IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOURS

FSH receptor (FSHR) expression is restricted to gonads, where it drives FSH-dependent cell differentiation; in addition, FSHR plays an important role in the regulation of ovarian angiogenesis. Recently, FHSR expression has been shown in blood vessels of various tumours. However, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (p-NET), which have high degree blood supply, were not included in that study. The aim of this study was to evaluate FSHR expression in p-NET. FSHR expression was evaluated in tumour samples from 30 patients with p-NET by immunohistochemistry and Western blot (WB); fluorescence microscopy was used to localize FSHR in specific cells from tissue samples. von Willebrand factor (vWF) and chromograninA (chrA) was used as blood vessel and NET cells marker, respectively, to co-localize FSHR. FSHR expression was detected in all p-NET by immunohistochemistry. Western blot confirmed FSHR expression on p-NETs although different FSHR isoforms, ranging from 240 kD to 55 kD were found in the samples studied. Surprisingly, FSHR colocalized with chromogranin A but not with vWF, suggesting that neoplastic cells of neuroendocrine origin rather than blood vessels expressed FSHR. No relationship was found between degree of FSHR expression and histology of p-NET. FSHR may be aberrantly expressed in neoplastic cells from p-NET and not in tumour blood vessels; however, its biological significance as well as its clinical relevance remains to be elucidated