Simulating and optimizing electrical current flow and neuronal activation in retinal implants

© 2018 Dr Timothy Bede Esler[Abstract Withheld

Ariel - Volume 6 Number 3

Editors Mark Dembert J.D. Kanofsky Frank Chervenak John Lammie Curt Cummings Staff Ken Jaffe Bob Sklaroff Halley Faust Jim Burke Nancy Redfern Hans Weltin Photographer Larry Glazerman Overseas Editor Mike Sinason Humorist Jim McCan

Beyond intuitive microstructures for 3D printed composites

3D printed composites marry the worlds of lightweight and tough composite materials with the detailed and programmable geometries of 3D printing. This combination gives rise to a new class of interesting grand challenges to deliver on the net promise of the field. A summary of the current state of 3D printed composites will be provided with a focus on stereolithography (SLA) printing of filled resins that offers high resolution and speed. SLA printing of ceramic filled resins presents many challenges include dispersion issues, poor light penetration, particle alignment, and viscosity handling. Here we offer routes to SLA print resin systems with doped ceramics to exploit magnetic fields to induce programmable alignment within every voxel of a printed 3D part. We offer a vision for implementing numerical simulations of anticipated loads to understand expected internal stress states that inform our design of optimum microstructures within printed composite parts. In addition to optimizing mechanics, we have investigated tuning conduction pathways within 3D printed thermally conductive dielectric parts that have application in the realm of radiofrequency (RF) electronics. Finally, we have found surprising mechanical enhancements through the use of non-intuitive microstructures that can’t be simply predicted through finite element analysis of parts under expected loads. These new classes of reinforcing microstructures improve the toughness of printed composites significantly beyond the conventional wisdom for “optimal” microstructure designs Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

Evaluation of Ohio's Program of All Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

In 2011, the Ohio Legislature asked the Scripps Gerontology Center to evaluate Ohio's two PACE sites and make recommendations for further expansion. This report describes the findings from that evaluation

Ariel - Volume 7 Number 1

Editors Mark Dembert Frank Chervanek John Lammie Jim Burke Nancy Redfern Business Alf Levy Photographer Larry Glazerman Staff Hal Faust Curt Cummings Bob Levin tOO mUCH (University Medical College Hospital - London

Assessing Internal Hurricane Damage To Standing Pine Poletimber

Two test methods were used to assess type, location, and degree of internal stem damage to standing pine poletimber (5.0-8.9 in. diameter at breast height, DBH) caused by Hurricane Hugo. A total of sixty trees [15 from each of the four Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) damage classes] were taken from three sites in the Francis Marion National Forest. Internal damage was expected in the form of ring shake and compression failure. Five stem sections (A through E) were taken from each tree at different heights. From each section, specimens were cut from four quadrants (Tension, Compression, Left, and Right) relative to the wind direction during the storm for toughness and tension perpendicular to the grain testing. A total of 2,147 toughness specimens were tested. A total of 273 specimens were tested in tension perpendicular to the grain. The dependent variables analyzed were toughness, tension strength, and specific gravity with FIA damage class as the whole plot factor.Although there was an increasing trend in toughness from Damage Class 1 through 4, analysis of variance showed damage class not to be a significant effect on toughness. Stem section and quadrant were found to be significant on toughness. Much of the variation in toughness due to stem section may be attributed to the effects of juvenile wood differences with tree height. Also a high occurrence of reaction wood in Quadrant C (side of the tree away from the wind) would contribute to lower toughness strength. Similarly, specific gravity (SG) values showed an overall increase from Damage Class 1 through 4. Specific gravity of Damage Classes 1 and 4 was found to be significantly different. Statistical analysis showed no apparent relationship between damage class and tension strength perpendicular to the grain.The lack of evidence for internal damage is relatively unimportant compared to the evidence of change in the wood properties from the formation of reaction wood. In leaning stems (FIA Damage Classes 2, 3, 4), reaction wood should continue to form. In straight trees, reaction wood formed in the two growth seasons following the storm, but it is unclear whether it will continue to form. The results lead to the conclusion that stands with leaning stems should be harvested and replanted

Ariel - Volume 6 Number 2

Editors Mark Dembert J.D. Kanofsky Frank Chervenak John Lammie Curt Cummings Entertainment Robert Breckenridge Joe Conti Gary Kaskey Photographer Larry Glazerman Overseas Editor Mike Sinason Humorist Jim McCann Staff Ken Jaffe Bob Skarloff Halley Faust Jim Burk

Ariel - Volume 6 Number 4 (Alternate Version)

Editors Mark Dembert J.D. Kanofsky Frank Chervenak John Lammie Curt Cummings Entertainment Robert Breckenridge Joe Conti Gary Kaskey Photographer Larry Glazerman Overseas Editor Mike Sinason Humorist Jim McCann Staff Kenn Jaffe Bob Sklaroff Halley Faust Jim Burke Jay Amsterdam Morton A. Klein Nancy Redfer

The Influence of Stimulus Deviance on Electrophysiologic and Behavioral Responses to Novel Events

This study investigated the role of stimulus deviance in determining electrophysiologic and behavioral responses to “novelty.” Stimulus deviance was defined in terms of differences either from the immediately preceding context or from long-term experience. Subjects participated in a visual event-related potential (ERP) experiment, in which they controlled the duration of stimulus viewing with a button press, which served as a measure of exploratory behavior. Each of the three experimental conditions included a frequent repetitive background stimulus and infrequent stimuli that deviated from the background stimulus. In one condition, both background and deviant stimuli were simple, easily recognizable geometric figures. In another condition, both background and deviant stimuli were unusual/unfamiliar figures, and in a third condition, the background stimulus was a highly unusual figure, and the deviant stimuli were simple, geometric shapes. Deviant stimuli elicited larger N2-P3 amplitudes and longer viewing durations than the repetitive background stimulus, even when the deviant stimuli were simple, familiar shapes and the background stimulus was a highly unusual figure. Compared to simple, familiar deviant stimuli, unusual deviant stimuli elicited larger N2-P3 amplitudes and longer viewing times. Within subjects, the deviant stimuli that evoked the largest N2-P3 responses also elicited the longest viewing durations. We conclude that deviance from both immediate context and long-term prior experience contribute to the response to novelty, with the combination generating the largest N2-P3 amplitude and the most sustained attention. The amplitude of the N2-P3 may reflect how much “uncertainty” is evoked by a novel visual stimulus and signal the need for further exploration and cognitive processing