DR-KNN: A hybrid Approach for Dimensionality Reduction of EO Image Datasets

The two Sentinel-2 satellites provide, since March 2017, high-resolution worldwide images every five days, freely distributed, generating terabytes of high-dimensional data. An intuitive manner to summarize the main characteristics of the data and gather knowledge is visual exploratory analysis, which is often based on dimensionality reduction methods to represent high-dimensional data. From previous research and the state-of-the-art literature, turned out that t-distributed Stochastic Neighbour Embedding is one of the most appropriate technique to reduce the dimensionality of a dataset, but it requires very high computational power. To overcome this inconvenience, we proposed two hybrid DR algorithms, which combine the DR with the nearest neighbour technique or random forest regression. The main conclusion is that our approaches reduce computational power without compromising the representation quality

Molecular Prognostic Factors in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer represents a major health problem worldwide. Literature data have demonstrated that gastric tumors present a high molecular heterogeneity, responsible for the process of carcinogenesis and dissemination. By revealing the molecular subtype of the tumor, it is possible to assess its behavior, the outcome of the patient, and the treatment approach, according to its genetic and epigenetic profile. This chapter aims to highlight some of the many different genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations, as well as aberrant signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of stomach cancers, each of these molecular abnormalities acting in a specific stage of the disease. Moreover, the manuscript describes the novel therapeutic agents that target some of these aberrant molecular signaling pathways. Unfortunately, only a few agents are currently part of the standard treatment of gastric cancer, while most of the others remain to prove their therapeutic efficacy in the setting of clinical trials. By discovering the different molecular subtypes of gastric cancer, as well as numerous classes of targeted molecular agents, in the future, we would be able to perform an individualized treatment, associated with maximum efficiency and less costs

Efficiency of Treatment Targeted on Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Current Strategies and Perspectives

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) represent a category of diseases characterized by intestinal inflammation and include two main entities, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, one of the representative clinical characteristics of which being chronic diarrhea. The etiology of these diseases is multifactorial, combining genetic, immunological, and also environmental factors, along with gut dysbiosis. In recent years, we encountered a higher incidence of IBD cases and of severe forms of disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and efficient treatments, including strategies to improve the microbiome. In this chapter, we will discuss the current knowledge about the impact of different therapies influencing gut microbiota, such as prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and other agents in IBD prevention, and also in the induction/maintenance of IBD remission. The manuscript will focus also on potential areas for research in the future using agents that modify intestinal microbiota and combined strategies

El Derecho Argentino frente a la pandemia y post-pandemia COVID-19. TOMO II

La Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba no podía permanecer indolente frente a la conmoción que, durante este año 2020, ha provocado en el mundo la pandemia de COVID-19. Como comunidad educativa advertíamos que la prioridad máxima era lograr la continuidad de la labor de nuestra Casa de Estudios, para garantizar a nuestros alumnos del grado y del posgrado, el ejercicio de su derecho a estudiar, continuando y en algunos casos iniciando sus estudios, a pesar de las condiciones adversas que se vivían. Con esa finalidad convocamos a los profesores titulares de todas las cátedras y eméritos y consultos que quisieran hacerlo, a sumarse con sus aportes a esta construcción colectiva, que aborda los temas que nos ocupan desde las diversas perspectivas de las distintas áreas del mundo jurídico. Y la desinteresada respuesta positiva no se hizo esperar. Prueba de ello es este libro cuyas dimensiones, tanto en lo cuantitativo como en lo cualitativo, superaron las expectativas iniciales. La jerarquía de los autores que generosamente han participado con sus contribuciones, en algunos casos en forma individual y en otros acompañados por sus equipos de colaboradores, permiten prever que esta obra ha de brindar elementos de juicio de gran utilidad para continuar construyendo el mundo jurídico, dentro de la pandemia y después de ella.ÍNDICE GENERAL. TOMO II. DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL. "Emergencias, orden constitucional y COVID-19 en Argentina" por Antonio María Hernández. "Una constitución para todas las épocas. Algunas notas sobre el Derecho Constitucional en tiempo de pandemia" por Guillermo E. Barrera Buteler, Magdalena I. Álvarez, José M. Pérez Corti y Victorino Solá. Pandemia y constitución en la Argentina actual. Reflexiones desde la Cátedra “B” de Derecho Constitucional Facultad de Derecho. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. I. Introducción. Breves comentarios sobre este texto y “lo constitucional” en los tiempos actuales en Argentina por Andrés Rossetti. II. Nociones sobre el Cuidado y el Modo de Ser en el Mundo por Marta Faur. III. Impacto de la pandemia en la dicotomía público/privado en Argentina por Claudio E. Guiñazú. IV. Preocupaciones constitucionales en tiempos de pandemia: desigualdad y emergencia. La necesidad de repensar los mecanismos decisorios por Romina Verri. V. Derechos laborales y gremiales de los trabajadores estatales durante la emergencia sanitaria por Félix A. López Amaya. VI. La coordinación intergubernamental frente al COVID-19 en experiencias de países federales por Marcelo Bernal. "Cuando el centro está afuera de la figura. -República, desequilibrio de poderes y emergencia-" por Pablo Riberi. "Pandemia y estado de excepción" por Miguel Ángel Ortiz Pellegrini. DERECHO PENAL. "La emergencia sanitaria en contextos de encierro carcelario" por Carlos Julio Lascano. "COVID-19 y cárceles argentinas" por Gustavo A. Arocena. DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PUBLICO. "La confrontación entre Estados Unidos de América y China en tiempos de COVID-19 y el Derecho Internacional Público" por Zlata Drnas de Clément. "El rol del principio de cooperación internacional durante la pandemia y en el período post-COVID 19" por María Alejandra Sticca. "COVID-19, crímenes internacionales y amenazas a la paz: ¿integran las pandemias el ámbito material de la responsabilidad de proteger?" por Luciano Pezzano. "Incidencia de la pandemia covid 19 en derechos fundamentales. Las organizaciones internacionales y la seguridad de los estados" por Christian G. Sommer, María Pilar Llorens, Oscar Benítez y Guillermo Costilla. DERECHO INTERNACIONAL PRIVADO. "El COVID-19 y la cooperación jurídica internacional" por Adriana Dreyzin de Klor. "El COVID-19 y las nuevas formas de celebración del matrimonio" por Carlos E. Echegaray de Maussion. "Pandemia y solicitudes de retorno de menores por traslados ilícitos en sustracción de niños: ¿es la COVID-19 una excepción de riesgo grave?" por Myriam Diana Lucero. "Justicia, aislamiento y videoconferencia la experiencia del Derecho Internacional Privado en desandar barreras: guía de buenas prácticas de la conferencia de La Haya 2019" por Carolina Harrington. "Restitución internacional de niños. La excepción de grave riesgo y COVID-19" por Laura Martina Jeifetz. "El Derecho Internacional Privado y el desafío frente a los grupos más vulnerables en el marco del COVID-19" por Cristina Britos. "La responsabilidad social empresaria de las empresas multinacionales como herramienta para enfrentar la pandemia COVID-19" por Candela Noelia Villegas. DERECHO ADMINISTRATIVO. "Los deberes cívicos frente a la pandemia COVID 19" por José Luis Palazzo. "Importancia del rol y la gestión del Poder Judicial en tiempos de coronavirus – COVID-19" por Domingo J. Sesin y Daniela S. Sosa. DERECHO DEL TRABAJO Y DE LA SEGURIDAD SOCIAL. "Las relaciones laborales en la emergencia" por Carlos Alberto Toselli.Fil: Hernández, Antonio María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Barrera Buteler, Guillermo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Álvarez, Magdalena I. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Pérez Corti, José M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Solá, Victorino. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Rossetti, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Faur, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Guiñazú, Claudio E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Verri, Romina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: López Amaya, Félix A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Bernal, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Bernal, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina.Fil: Riberi, Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Ortiz Pellegrini, Miguel Ángel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Lascano, Carlos Julio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Arocena, Gustavo A. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Drnas de Clément, Zlata. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sticca, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Pezzano, Luciano. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Sommer, Christian G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sommer, Christian G. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho. Instituto de Derechos Humanos; Argentina.Fil: Llorens, María Pilar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Benítez, Oscar. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Costilla, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Salas, Graciela R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Mortarotti, Pablo César. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Mortarotti, Pablo César. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Mortarotti, Pablo César. Universidad Siglo 21; Argentina.Fil: Dreyzin de Klor, Adriana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Dreyzin de Klor, Adriana. Universidad Blas Pascal; Argentina.Fil: Lucero, Myriam Diana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Harrington, Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Jeifetz, Laura Martina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Britos, Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Villegas, Candela Noelia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Villegas, Candela Noelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Zavatti, Adriana M. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Bottiglieri, María G. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Flavia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Gordillo Reinalde, Laura Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Palazzo, José Luis. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sesin, Domingo J. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Sosa, Daniela S. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Giménez, Laura E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Tello Roldan, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Toselli, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina.Fil: Echegaray de Maussion, Carlos E. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina

A Data Mining Approach to Post Disaster Assessment of 2008 Floods in Romania

This paper demonstrates the performance of a rapid mapping kind of approach considering knowledge discovery from Earth Observation images, to provide information support during response and immediate post-response by delivering products emphasizing the extent and impact of the event, by event understanding any type of natural or man made disaster. Knowledge discovery from Earth Observation images implies mapping low level descriptors (primitive features) extracted from the image into semantic classes in order to provide an interactive method for effective image information mining. In the frame of information theory a communication channel is considered between remote sensing imagery and the user who receive existing information in the data sources, coded as image semantic content. This channel has three components - Data Source Model Generation, Query and Data Mining. Data Source Model Generation uses image content analysis to generate a set of scene’s content descriptors. Further, the Query component involves the user and performs an image retrieval based on image content as query parameter. The query component relies on the Support Vector Machine classifier which is able to group descriptors into relevant semantic classes. The classifier supports rapid mapping scenarios and interactive mapping. The proposed concept is illustrated analyzing Earth Observation images acquired post (SPOT 4 and TerraSAR-X) floods disaster in Romania at the end of July 2008. Hundreds of towns and villages were affected and more than 20,000 people evacuated. The northeastern region of Romania was declared back then national disaster area. The results includes potentially flood affected areas detected on 28 of July, detailed semantic classes for rapid mapping and a quantitative evaluation of damages. A validation procedure is considered, taking into account rapid mapping products delivered by Romanian Space Agency (ROSA) and SERTIT (SErvice Régional de Traitementd'Image et de Télédétection)

Multi Temporal Analysis of Floods and Tsunami Effects: Annotation and Quantitative Analysis

This paper addresses the problem of multitemporal analysis of an available TerraSAR-X data time series covering the Sendai region in order to assess flood extent and damages caused by Tohuku-oki tsunami. Over the last decade the use of Earth Observation satellites to support disaster and emergency relief has considerably grown. In order to fully exploit highresolution satellite images, a method based on patches (each image is divided into non-overlapping tiles) is proposed to extract relevant contextual information. The local features of each patch act as a compact content descriptor. Further on, considering the available descriptors, the next step is to cluster the data in order to find similar semantic classes. The SVM classifier implements the concept of query by example using image content. The results include well-defined semantic classes, derived through semiautomatic methods thus developing an effective approach to the multitemporal analysis

Facilitating the use of high-resolution EO data to support the development of mapping products for natural disasters

Earth observation capabilities are used to respond to major disasters around the world, for humanitarian aid and security. Satellite derived information needs to be used in combination with additional data to be presented in a proper geospatial context for the work of civil protection agencies and relief organizations. This paper aims to reveal a methodology developed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of a natural disaster over a region. The proposed approach was initiated in the frame of GEODIM Project (http://geodim.meteoromania.ro) whose goal is to develop a Romanian downstream emergency response service in order to contribute to current disaster and risk management approach based on Earth observation data. The project is focused on developing experimental processing algorithms and mapping products for natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, landslides) damage assessment in urban areas based on very high resolution optical and SAR satellite imagery acquired worldwide. The usefulness of remote sensing data for natural disasters damage assessment clearly rely on the number of available images, their type and quality and last, but not least, the timeliness of the data sets, or how delayed are the available post disaster images relative to the damaging event. Previous work demonstrated the use of a semi-automated data processing method in order to reveal and determine the area affected by the disaster, considering both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The proposed scenarios consider knowledge discovery from pre and post event EO images by mapping the extracted data features into semantic classes and symbolic representations like ”buildings”, ”vegetation”, ”streets”, ”bare land”, and ”damaged buildings”, etc. In order to fully exploit the high-resolution EO data a method based on patches is proposed to extract relevant contextual information to be further used to build the situation maps

A rapid mapping approach to quantify damages caused by the 2003 Bam earthquake using high resolution multitemporal optical images

This paper aims to reveal a methodology used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of an earthquake on a region, considering multi temporal high resolution optical images. The proposed approach was initiated in the frame of GEODIM Project whose goal is to develop a Romanian downstream emergency response service in order to contribute to current disaster and risk management approach based on Earth observation data. The project is focused on developing experimental processing algorithms and mapping products for natural disasters (floods, earthquakes, landslides) damage assessment in urban areas based on very high resolution optical and SAR satellite imagery acquired worldwide. The prospective scenario considers knowledge discovery from pre and post event satellite images by mapping the extracted data features into semantic classes and symbolic representations like “buildings”, “vegetation”, “streets”, “bare land” and “damaged buildings”, etc

Contextual Patterns Discovery in Post Disaster Evolution of 2011 Japan Tsunami Using TSX Products

This poster proposes a post disaster evaluation of the damages produced by the tsunami in the Tohuku-oki region considering knowledge discovery from TerraSAR-X (TSX) products, by mapping extracted primitive features into semantic classes, thus assuring an interactive technique for productive information mining. Knowledge discovery from Earth Observation images implies mapping low level descriptors (primitive features) extracted from the image into semantic classes in order to provide an interactive method for effective image information mining. In the frame of information theory a communication channel is considered between remote sensing imagery and the user who receives existing information in the data sources, coded as image semantic content. This channel has three components - Data Source Model Generation, Query and Data Mining. Data Source Model Generation uses image content analysis to generate a set of scene’s content descriptors. Further, the Query component involves the user and performs an image retrieval based on image content as query parameter. The query component relies on the Support Vector Machine classifier which is able to group descriptors into relevant semantic classes. The classifier supports rapid mapping scenarios and interactive mapping. The envisaged data mining process includes three stages: data annotation, data query and quantitative analysis of the results.The Data annotations step considers dataset description, data preparation and data classification in order to perform user annotations. Some query examples considering several scenarios include: Assessment of the transportation infrastructures, highrisk of broken roads caused by damaged bridges, debris detection, assessment of aquaculture areas, and possible energy loss due to the damaged high voltages poles or assessment of agriculture areas, damaged crops and estimation of losses

Knowledge based image information mining from earth observation images

The content of earth observation images can be analyzed by knowledge-based image information mining