Assessment of data quality in a multi-centre cross-sectional study of participation and quality of life of children with cerebral palsy

BACKGROUND: SPARCLE is a cross-sectional survey in nine European regions, examining the relationship of the environment of children with cerebral palsy to their participation and quality of life. The objective of this report is to assess data quality, in particular heterogeneity between regions, family and item non-response and potential for bias. METHODS: 1,174 children aged 8–12 years were selected from eight population-based registers of children with cerebral palsy; one further centre recruited 75 children from multiple sources. Families were visited by trained researchers who administered psychometric questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to assess factors related to family non-response and self-completion of questionnaires by children. RESULTS: 431/1,174 (37%) families identified from registers did not respond: 146 (12%) were not traced; of the 1,028 traced families, 250 (24%) declined to participate and 35 (3%) were not approached. Families whose disabled children could walk unaided were more likely to decline to participate. 818 children entered the study of which 500 (61%) self-reported their quality of life; children with low IQ, seizures or inability to walk were less likely to self-report. There was substantial heterogeneity between regions in response rates and socio-demographic characteristics of families but not in age or gender of children. Item non-response was 2% for children and ranged from 0.4% to 5% for questionnaires completed by parents. CONCLUSION: While the proportion of untraced families was higher than in similar surveys, the refusal rate was comparable. To reduce bias, all analyses should allow for region, walking ability, age and socio-demographic characteristics. The 75 children in the region without a population based register are unlikely to introduce bias

Déterminants de la participation chez les adolescents avec paralysie cérébrale (une étude longitudinale européenne)

La présente thèse étudie la participation des adolescents avec paralysie cérébrale dans les situations de vie habituelles, à travers ses associations avec trois déterminants de l enfance accessibles à une prévention : douleurs, problèmes psycho-comportementaux et stress parental. L étude épidémiologique longitudinale prospective a porté sur une cohorte multicentrique représentative d enfants avec paralysie cérébrale dans neuf régions de sept pays Européens, vus à l enfance puis à l adolescence. Dans chaque domaine de participation, on ajuste un modèle d équations structurelles ; les déterminants de la participation sont intégrés à l aide d une régression hiérarchique ascendante ajustée sur la déficience, la participation à l enfance, le centre, l âge et le sexe. Sur les 818 enfants initialement inclus, 594 ont été revus à l adolescence. Douleur et stress parental à l enfance sont associés à une participation altérée à l adolescence dans tous les domaines d activités quotidiennes sauf la communication, ainsi que dans les domaines des relations et des loisirs. Les troubles psycho-comportementaux à l enfance sont associés à une participation altérée dans tous les domaines de rôles sociaux, et dans les domaines des soins personnels et de la communication. L effet des déterminants de l enfance s exerce sur la participation adolescente principalement par le biais de la participation à l enfance. Les résultats suggèrent que la participation des adolescents avec paralysie cérébrale pourrait être améliorée par des interventions précoces et continues sur la douleur, les problèmes psycho-comportementaux et le stress parental.This thesis aims at studying the participation in life situations of adolescents with cerebral palsy, through its relationships with three determinants in childhood that are amenable to interventions: pain, behavioral problems and parenting stress. The prospective longitudinal epidemiological study has followed a multicentric representative cohort of children with cerebral palsy in nine European regions from seven countries, by visiting them at childhood and adolescence. Within each participation domain, a structural equations model has been fitted; the determinants of participation have been included in the models using a forward hierarchical regression, controlled on impairment, participation in childhood, centre, age and gender. From the 818 initially visited children, n=594 were interviewed again in adolescence. Pain and parenting stress in childhood are associated with a restricted adolescent participation in all domains of daily life activities except communication, as well as in relationships and recreation. Behavioral problems in childhood are associated with a restricted adolescent participation in all domains of social roles, as well as in personal care and communication. The effect of childhood determinants is mainly mediated through child participation. The results suggest that participation in adolescents with cerebral palsy could be improved by early and continued interventions on pain, behavioral problems and parenting stress.GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Accidents des sports d'hiver chez les enfants (un problème de santé publique ?)

GRENOBLE1-BU Médecine pharm. (385162101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Gestion durable du mildiou de la pomme de terre par les métabolites secondaires

Potato late blight disease is a severe phytopathology caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Since the massive use of synthetic fungicides have harmed both environment and human health for decades, researches must develop new active substances. In that context, plants secondary metabolites such as essential oils seem like a promising and much more sustainable alternative.PHYTOIL : Etudes des modes d'actions d'huiles essentielles sur Phytophthora infestans en vue de la formulations d'un biofongicide permettant de lutter contre le mildiou de la pomme de terr

The Complex QT/RR Relationship in Mice

International audienceThe QT interval reflects the time between the depolarization of ventricles until their repolarization and is usually used as a predictive marker for the occurrence of arrhythmias. This parameter varies with the heart rate, expressed as the RR interval (time between two successive ventricular depolarizations). To calculate the QT independently of the RR, correction formulae are currently used. In mice, the QT-RR relationship as such has never been studied in conscious animals, and correction formulas are mainly empirical. In the present paper we studied how QT varies when the RR changes physiologically (comparison of nocturnal and diurnal periods) or after dosing mice with tachycardic agents (norepinephrine or nitroprusside). Our results show that there is significant variability of QT and RR in a given condition, resulting in the need to average at least 200 consecutive complexes to accurately compare the QT. Even following this method, no obvious shortening of the QT was observed with increased heart rate, regardless of whether or not this change occurs abruptly. In conclusion, the relationship between QT and RR in mice is weak, which renders the use of correction formulae inappropriate and misleading in this species

Mettre à profit l'arsenal des plantes: Les huiles essentielles comme moyen de gestion durable du mildiou de la pomme de terre causé par Phytophthora infestans - Une review

Potato late blight disease is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans and is listed as one of the most severe phytopathologies on Earth. The current environmental issues require new methods of pest management. For that reason, plant secondary metabolites and, in particular, essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated promising potential as pesticide alternatives. This review presents the up-to-date work accomplished using EOs against P. infestans at various experimental scales, from in vitro to in vivo. Additionally, some cellular mechanisms of action on Phytophthora spp., especially towards cell membranes, are also presented for a better understanding of anti-oomycete activities. Finally, some challenges and constraints encountered for the development of EOs-based biopesticides are highlighted

Reusability study of Novozym® 435 for the enzymatic synthesis of mannosyl myristate in pure ionic liquids

When developing a biocatalyzed synthesis route, the enzyme reusability is an important parameter to consider for the reduction of industrial costs. In this context, the functional stability of Novozym® 435 in ionic liquids (ILs) was studied in the transesterification of mannose with vinyl myristate. The enzyme was re-used five times in three ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Bmim][TFO]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Bmpyrr][TFO]) and in tert-butanol (tert-BuOH). [Bmpyrr][TFO] showed the best 24 h-yield (24 h-η), with 68.8% after the first cycle and the lowest loss of 24 h-η (42%) after five cycles (24 h-η of 39.9%). In comparison with [Bmpyrr][TFO], Novozym® 435 presented the most prominent loss of activity after five cycles of reaction in [Bmim][TFO] (loss of 89%), despite the good 24 h-η obtained after one cycle (60%). [Bmim][BF4] was the least interesting IL, as it was found to lead to the lowest 24 h-η, with 24.5% after one cycle and a significant loss of activity (77%) after five cycles, with a 24 h-η of 5.6%. After five cycles, the 24 h-η in [Bmpyrr][TFO] was higher than in tert-BuOH and the yield loss was higher for the organic solvent (57%). Consequently, these results reveal that, in the present study, the pyrrolidium-based IL [Bmpyrr][TFO] represented the best IL as it allowed the highest level of enzymatic activity and functional stability of Novozym® 435

Study of the Influence of Pure Ionic Liquids on the Lipase-catalyzed (Trans)esterification of Mannose Based on their Anion and Cation Nature

A screening of nine ionic liquids (ILs) has been carried out in order to study the influence of the anion's and cation's nature and structure on the synthesis of mannosyl myristate by (trans)esterification catalyzed by Novozym® 435. The best ILs in terms of yield (η) and initial rate (v0) are those based on the TFO- anion. The 24h yield (24h-η) reached 64.9% in [Bmim][TFO] and 70.9% in [Bmpyrr][TFO] by transesterification while it reached 29.7% and 44.5% respectively in each IL by esterification. [Bmpyrr][TFO] based on the pyrrolidinium cation gave the best results although this cation has been rarely used for biocatalysis. This work has thus highlighted a cation that could be further studied in biocatalysis of glycosylated compounds. The study of the relationship between the structure of the ILs and the v0 and η for the biocatalysis of mannosyl myristate showed that the lipase effectiveness is influenced by the anions while the cations have an indirect influence on the interaction strength between Novozym® 435 and the anions