Bacterial dermohypodermatitis of voluntary depigmentation in Djibouti

Voluntary depigmentation is a common practice in Djibouti. This practice can cause dermatological complications including, erysipelas. The objective of this study was to evaluate erysipelas or superficial bacterial dermohypodermatitis in hospitals. This is a retrospective study conducted at the Polyvalent Medicine Service of the Peltier Hospital in Djibouti. The study population consisted of all patients hospitalized in the department for bacterial dermohypodermatitis. Pus samples were collected from patients over a period of two-year from 2020 to 2022 at Peltier Hospital. Of 230 patients hospitalized during the study period, we analyzed 155 (67 %) patients who satisfied the study inclusion criteria. All patients were women (100 %). The average age was 39 ± 4 years. The major pathogens of bacterial dermohypodermatitis were Staphylococcus aureus (63 %) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (37 %). In this study, only gram-positive cocci were found to be responsible. Thus, gentamicin, augmentin, and ceftriaxone drugs were chosen to treat bacterial dermohypodermatitis at the Peltier Hospital. The outcome was favourable in 137 patients (88 %). Progression to a necrotizing type was reported in 18 patients (12 %). Voluntary depigmentation has become a major risk factor. Women need to be educated about the harmful effects associated with this practice, and strong measures must be taken to withdraw depigmenting cosmetic products from the local market

Diarrhea associated to parasites at Peltier Hospital in Djibouti (Period from 2019 to 2021)

Diarrhea may be present alone or be associated with other symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or weight loss. Diarrhea diseases represent a true public health that needs to be considered. On the other hand, Diarrhea was a very prevalent symptom of COVID-19 and other infections. This study objects to find different parasitic diarrhea. A total of 850 patients were surveyed, of whom 380 were men and 470 were women (sex ratio 0.80), with an average age of 33.5 years [15-80 years]. Acute diarrhea was reported in 55 % of patients, choleriform in 24 % of patients, and dysenteric in 21 % of patients. Among 850 stool samples, 181 were negative (21 %). A review of the stool revealed altered leukocytes in 374 samples (44 %). The most common parasites reported were Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas intestinalis and Giardia intestinalis representing 85 % of cases. Diseases most commonly associated with diarrhea include malaria (27 %), Covid-19 (15 %), acute lung disease (13 %) and genitourinary infections (9 %). Parasitic diarrhea dominated by helminthiasis remains a concern

Diabetic foot amputations in patients at the Peltier hospital in Djibouti

Diabetes is a chronic (lifelong) condition that arises when the pancreas does not secrete adequate insulin or when the body does not utilize the produced insulin. Diabetes can cause serious health complications such as diabetic foot infections. This study aimed to investigate the problem of diabetic foot amputations and to evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria that cause diabetic foot infections. A retrospective study was conducted on hospitalized patients over a period of three years from 2020 to 2022. We analyzed 254 (34 %) patients who satisfied the study inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients was 59 years ± 6 years. The study focused on diabetic patients with foot ulcers that had at least two local clinical signs of infection. In our study, we reported 68 amputation cases in 254 diabetic patients with a foot wound, representing 27 % prevalence. The main causative organisms of diabetic foot infections were Staphylococcus aureus (35 %), Staphylococcus sp. (19 %), Streptococcus sp. (16 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 %) and Escherichia coli (4 %). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin (38 %). Linezolid was the most effective anti-MRSA chemical.The incidences of diabetic foot become a growing public health issue. A gram-positive coccus was the main pathogen responsible for diabetic foot infections with Staphylococcus predominating. The isolated bacteria were resistant to first-line antibiotics posing a substantial therapeutic challenge

Septicemia in polyvalent medicine from 2019–2021 at Peltier hospital in Djibouti

Sepsis could be a life-threatening crisis. Sepsis happens when a patient have an infection that have already triggers a chain reaction. Diseases that lead to sepsis most regularly begin within the lung, urinary tract, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an appropriate antibiotic choice and delivery method as the mortality increases with each hour of antibiotic delay. The objective of this study was to ascertain profile and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolates from blood of patient’s detected with septicemia at Peltier Hospital in Djibouti. For the analysis, 509 inpatients hospitalized between two years were considered for the retrospective study. Serial blood culture sets were drawn aseptically into Oxoid Signal Blood Culture System Medium incubated at 37 ºC incubator and examined for microbial growth for ten consecutive days. Patients with at least a positive blood culture result were included in the study. The major pathogens of septicemia were Staphylococcus aureus (23 %), Escherichia coli (22 %), Staphylococcus epidermidis (17 %), Acinetobacter baumannii (15 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (11 %). Therefore, gram-positive cocci were the most common pathogens found to be responsible for septicemia with predominance of Staphylococcus (40 %)

Staphylococcus aureus infections in patients from 2019–2021 at Peltier hospital of Djibouti

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen for humans who are causing infections of the skin, lungs and sepsis. These infections can be treated with appropriate antibiotics. Their selection is mainly based on culture and sensitivity. Moreover, the problem of antimicrobial resistance has grown around the world because of their irrational prescriptions. The judicious use of antibiotics will reduce the multidrug resistance to antibiotics and thereby improve patient management and reduce the morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the objective of this prospective study is to evaluate the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus strains that are isolated from different pathological products at Peltier hospital in Djibouti. This study aims to provide data on the selection of antibiotics which are suitable for the treatment of diseases caused by S. aureus

NATURAL COMPOUNDS FROM DJIBOUTIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AS INHIBITORS OF COVID-19 BY IN SILICO INVESTIGATIONS

Objective: The new coronavirus type SARS-Cov 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome), which appeared in autumn 2019 in China, became a global pandemic in a few months. In this work, we looked for the potential anti SARS-Cov 2 of the compounds isolated from three Djiboutian medicinal plants, namely Acacia seyal, Cymbopogon commutatus, and Indigofera caerulea. Methods: We carried out a molecular docking with nine biomolecules, β-Sitosterol, Quercetin, Catechin, Lupeol, Rutin, Kaempferol, Gallic acid, Piperitone and Limonene on three target sites which are SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mp), SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and human furin protease. These targets are chosen because of their role in the process of penetration of the virus into human cells and its multiplication. Moreover, the predictions of pharmacokinetic parameters as well as toxicological properties have been determined using an online bioinformatics tool named SwissADME and AdmetSAR respectively. Results: The phenolic compounds have a very good affinity on these three target sites with binding energies of up to-9.098 kcal/mol for rutin on SARS-CoV-2 Mp, much better than the two reference drugs hydroxychloroquine (-5.816 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-7.194 kcal/mol). Except for β-Sitosterol, the tested biomolecules have weak toxicity. Conclusion: These natural compounds can be used against covid 19 pending In vitro and In vivo evaluations

Calcium amendment based on the shells of Amiantis umbonella: Elaboration, characterization and its use in planta in the cultivation of Vicia faba L.

This study aims to formulate calcium amendments from the shells of Amiantis umbonella and to evaluate their effectiveness in the cultivation of Vicia faba L. The physicochemical properties of these amendments were analyzed using advanced techniques such as scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray diffraction (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The growth parameters of the plant (length of the aerial part and yield) as well as its nutritional characteristics (chlorophyll content, proteins, lipids and sugars) were rigorously monitored. The results indicate that the calcium amendments developed can be used at concentrations between 5% and 10% while maintaining optimal yield without altering nutritional quality. This study highlights the potential of calcium amendments from Amiantis umbonella shells to improve the cultivation of Vicia faba L., thus paving the way for more sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices

Review the role of transovarial transmission by mosquitoes and wildlife circulation in the persistence of Rift Valley fever virus

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic viral disease affecting domestic and wild animals as well as humans, primarily in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, with a proven ability to emerge in new geographic areas. Despite its importance, the mechanisms for maintaining RVFV between epidemics remain unclear. This review highlights the vertical transmission of the virus in mosquitoes, the role of wildlife as a reservoir host and the impact of climate change on disease outbreaks. Field and laboratory studies show that RVFV is primarily maintained by transovarial virus transmission in mosquitoes, while wildlife, particularly ruminants, acts as a reservoir during inter-epidemic periods. Climate change promotes outbreaks by increasing populations of RVFV vectors, particularly Aedes mosquitoes, in areas where heavy precipitation, flooding and high temperatures provide conditions for infected mosquitoes to multiply