The distribution of the <i>kdr</i> allele in the <i>An. coluzzii</i> and the <i>An. gambiae</i> s.s in Freetown.

<p>The distribution of the <i>kdr</i> allele in the <i>An. coluzzii</i> and the <i>An. gambiae</i> s.s in Freetown.</p

Distribution of the mosquito species, the <i>An. coluzzii</i> and the <i>An. gambiae</i> s.s from the sample communities in Monrovia, Liberia.

<p>Distribution of the mosquito species, the <i>An. coluzzii</i> and the <i>An. gambiae</i> s.s from the sample communities in Monrovia, Liberia.</p

HBV sequences from H and M-DBS cluster phylogenetically with HBV strains from West Africa.

<p>The longest contig assembled to HBV was a 542 n.t. segment. This was used as input to create a phylogenetic tree using a neighbor-joining method. Letters correspond to HBV genotype. See <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006348#pntd.0006348.s003" target="_blank">S2 Fig</a> for accession numbers corresponding to each HBV used in the analysis.</p

GBV-C sequences from H and M-DBS cluster phylogenetically with GBV-C strains from Sierra Leone and Liberia.

<p>The longest contig assembled to GBV-C, a 491 n.t. segment, was used as input to create a phylogenetic tree using a neighbor-joining method. The red line corresponds to input sequence generated from NGS data. See <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006348#pntd.0006348.s002" target="_blank">S1 Fig</a> for accession numbers corresponding to each GBV-C strain used in the analysis.</p

NGS reads aligning to human viruses.

<p>NGS reads aligning to human viruses.</p

H and M-DBS showed reads aligning to human viruses at similar levels.

<p>A) RNA sequencing revealed multiple reads from pools of both H and M-DBS spanning the GB virus C genome. B) Hepatitis B virus reads were discovered from DNA sequencing pools of both H and M-DBS. For both viruses, reads from M-DBS were comparable in quantity and quality to reads from H-DBS.</p

The majority of reads from M-DBS and H-DBS, for both RNA and DNA NGS pools, align to host nucleic acid.

<p>The taxonomic makeup of each sequencing pool was determined using the Blastn -Megablast tool with individual sequencing reads as input. Blue circles show taxonomic make up at the level of kingdom for all reads in each pool. Red circles show taxonomic makeup from a subset of reads aligning to eukaryotes. While the most reads in H-DBS aligned to human nucleic acid, reads from M-DBS aligned to both human and mosquito nucleic acid. Reads to human pathogens were detected in both H/M-DBS in the remaining reads.</p

Summary of enrollment and sampling data.

<p>Summary of enrollment and sampling data.</p

Households from two villages in northern Liberia were enrolled into the study.

<p>The two study villages were located in rural Lofa County, Liberia and made up of ~30 households each. Both Village A and Village B were visited by the research team consisting of researchers from CSU and LIBR, as well as a nurse and local public health worker. A total of 23 households from Village A and 20 households from Village B were enrolled into the study. Map made with free online tool at <a href="https://mapchart.net/" target="_blank">https://mapchart.net/</a>.</p

PathoScope reads alignment summaries.

<p>EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; CDV, canine distemper virus.</p><p>^aControl pool generated from laboratory-raised <i>An</i>. <i>gambiae</i> mosquitoes that fed upod sheep’s blood.</p><p>^bDenotes percentage after PathoQC.</p><p>^cDenotes reads aligning to the sheep reference library.</p><p>^dDenotes reads aligned to EBV strain B95–8 (GenBank V01555.2)</p><p>^eDenotes reads aligned to CDV strain Uy251 (GenBank KM280689.1)</p><p>PathoScope reads alignment summaries.</p