Subacute exposure to dimethoate induces hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects on male rats: Ameliorative effects of ferulic acid

Dimethoate commonly used as environmental ares for control pests which is widely used throughout in the world and itcaused toxic effects on nontarget organisms especially mammalian. Ferulic acid is known to protective compound generally used in toxicology studies. Thus, inthis study, we investigatedthe protective role of ferulic acid against the possible toxic effects of low and high doses of dimethoate. Male rats were randomly divided into six groups: control; ferulic acid; low and high dose dimethoate; both ferulic acid and low dose dimethoate; both ferulic acid and high dose dimethoate. The dimethoate treatment to rats caused oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissue via increased malondialdehyde levels and changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. All dose dimethoate treatments also caused histopathological alterations and differences in activities in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels. The histopathological results verified the biochemical findings for both liver and kidney. Co-administration of ferulic acid with dimethoate improved antioxidative parameters and eased some biochemical parameters mentioned above. Ferulic acid was also seen to play a beneficial role in the histopathological effects of dimethoate for both liver and kidney

Lead Nitrate Induced Testicular Toxicity in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats: Protective Role of Sodium Selenite

Among heavy metals, lead is one of the common pollutants found in the environment and biological system. In the present study, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal non-diabetic male Wistar rats were given sodium selenite (1.0 mg/kg bw), lead nitrate (22.5 mg/kg bw) and sodium selenite plus lead nitrate (1.0 mg/kg + 22.5 mg/kg bw, respectively) through gavage. At the end of 4th week, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities {[}superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)], and histopathological changes of testes were investigated compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed between the control and sodium selenite treated groups. However, lead nitrate increased the levels of MDA, SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activities compared with the control group in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Light microscopic analyses revealed that lead nitrate induced numerous histopathological changes in testis tissues of diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In the diabetic and nondiabetic sodium selenite plus lead nitrate treated groups, there were statistically significantly decreased MDA levels and antioxidant enzymes activities and mild pathological changes. As a result, sodium selenite significantly reduced lead nitrate induced testicular toxicity for both diabetic and non-diabetic rats