Prevalence of Transferable OXA-1 β-Lactamase Associated with Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Iraq

This study was designed to explore the incidence of blaOXA-1 amongst Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with resistant to carbapenem. Between December 2014 and April 2015, one hundred samples were taken from two hospitals: Babylon Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Pediatric / Babylon Province (clinical, umbilical infections, n= 40; environmental, n=20) and Karbala Hospital for Pediatric / Karbala Province (40 stool samples). All patients were hospitalized or attended these hospitals, all under 1 year of age. Seventeenth (17%) isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotic resistance profile of isolates was tested using disk diffusion method. High-level of resistance was recorded with ampicillin (94.1%) and piperacillin (88.2%) antibiotics. Resistance to carbapenem was reported in two K.pneumoniae isolates, these were investigated for the existence of OXA-1β-lactamase using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Two (100%) isolates gave positive result. Transference of this gene was studied by conjugation experiment. The blaOXA-1 gene conjugated successfully in 1 (50%) isolate only

Distribution of TEM β-Lactamase Gene among Carbapenem Resistant Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Hilla Hospitals

       This study aimed to determine the prevalence of blaTEM in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. During the period from April  to August  2011, a total of 801 various clinical samples were obtained from different hospitals in Hilla city. Of these,117 isolates were specified as K. pneumoniae. High prevalence of K. pneumoniae isolates were observed in stool samples 38 (27%) followed by sputum 19 (15%). All 117 K. pneumoniae isolates were primarily screened for- lactams resistance, 91 (78%) were found to be screen positive. Beta-lactam resistance isolates were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing towards 26 antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. High levels of resistance were noticed for penicillin antibiotics (carbenicillin and ampicillin) with rates of resistance (99%) and (94.5%), respectively .Carbapenem resistance was detected in 17 (18.7%) isolates of K. pneumoniae. Phenotypic detection of extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL) by CHROMagar technique identified 17(100%) isolates as ESBL producers. All screen positive ESBL-producing isolates were examined for the presence of blaTEM gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and confirmed in 13 (76.5%) of isolates

Prevalence of AmpC ß-lactamase producing carbapenem resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae among different hospitals in Hilla City.

       This study was performed to detect the presence of blaAmpC among carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.A total of 117 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from 801 clinical sample from  different hospitals in Hilla City,during the period from April to August 2011.High prevalence of K. pneumoniae isolates were detected in 38 (32.5%)of stool samples, followed by sputum 19(16,2%),All isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods .High resistance rate was recorded for Carbencillin (98%),followed by Amox-clavulanic acid (95%).Carbapenem resistance was reported in 17 of K. pneumoniae isolates.These  were screened for cefoxitin resistance.Results revealed that all these isolates were found to be cefoxitin resistant, among 17 cefoxitin resistant  K. pneumoniae isolates,AmpC ß-lactamases production were phenotypically  detected in 2(11.8%),3(17.6%) by AmpC disk and MTDT respectively.None of the isolates were positive for inducible AmpC ß-lactamase.  AmpC ß-lactamases were dectectable in 13(76.4%) of isolates by PCR method