Isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel antimicrobial agent produced by Streptomyces violaceusniger isolated from Yemeni soil

Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria present daily challenges to infectious disease physicians in hospitals throughout the world and these pathogens are spreading into the community. The development of new antibacterial agents to combat worsening antibiotic resistance is still a priority area in anti-infective research.Methods: The experiments were carried out to search for new natural antibiotics through isolation of various Streptomyces strains from different soil samples from Yemen and studying the antimicrobial effects of metabolites that produced. In the same time, the toxicological and biochemical effects of the extracted antibiotic on animals were studied.Results: Streptomyces violaceusniger, was isolated from Yemeni soil sample produced active metabolite that was designated faqihmycin has substantial antimicrobial potential against different microbial species. Investigations into the possible mode of action of faqihmycin revealed that it affects cell wall synthesis and intracellular macromolecule contents of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity studies of faqihmycin confirmed the hepatotoxicity of faqihmycin, there is no strong evidence to suggest that it is nephrotoxic.Conclusions: Further studies with Faqihmycin are needed in order to elucidate its detailed mechanism of action on bacterial cells, as well as studies with Faqihmycin with different doses in order to determine its potential therapeutic use.

The antiproliferative effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) plant on hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effect of aqueous and organic extracts of mulberry leaves (Morus Alba L.) on human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Mulberry leaf extracts were prepared using the solvents: water, 50% aqueous MeOH, and 100% MeOH for different time intervals, while the cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) served as control. The effects of aqueous and organic extracts of M. alba L. leaves on HepG2 cell viability, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene expression, alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured. The results of the cell viability assays showed that water, 50% aqueous MeOH, and 100% MeOH extracts exhibited a highly significant inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell proliferation which was evidenced by a reduction in viable cell count. The results were confirmed by microscopical examination of cell morphology. Furthermore, the mulberry leaf extracts suppressed the activity of NF-κB gene expression of HepG2 cells compared to the control. Also a highly significant depression occurred at the levels of AFP, γ-GT and ALP in HepG2 cells compared with that of controls in a time dependent manner. By contrast, the mulberry leaf extracts increased the secretion of ALB. Therefore, the conclusion was that the organic and aqueous extracts of mulberry leaves inhibit the growth of HepG2 cells through suppressing the activity of NF-κB gene expression and modulate the biochemical markers

Isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel antimicrobial agent produced by Streptomyces violaceusniger isolated from Yemeni soil

Background: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria present daily challenges to infectious disease physicians in hospitals throughout the world and these pathogens are spreading into the community. The development of new antibacterial agents to combat worsening antibiotic resistance is still a priority area in anti-infective research.Methods: The experiments were carried out to search for new natural antibiotics through isolation of various Streptomyces strains from different soil samples from Yemen and studying the antimicrobial effects of metabolites that produced. In the same time, the toxicological and biochemical effects of the extracted antibiotic on animals were studied.Results: Streptomyces violaceusniger, was isolated from Yemeni soil sample produced active metabolite that was designated faqihmycin has substantial antimicrobial potential against different microbial species. Investigations into the possible mode of action of faqihmycin revealed that it affects cell wall synthesis and intracellular macromolecule contents of the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Toxicity studies of faqihmycin confirmed the hepatotoxicity of faqihmycin, there is no strong evidence to suggest that it is nephrotoxic.Conclusions: Further studies with Faqihmycin are needed in order to elucidate its detailed mechanism of action on bacterial cells, as well as studies with Faqihmycin with different doses in order to determine its potential therapeutic use.

Improving the nutritive value of olive pomace by solid state fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus with simultaneous production of gallic acid

Abstract Purpose Olive oil industry is a growing industrial sector in Mediterranean countries. Unfortunately, about 30–35% of total olive weight is discarded as olive pomace (OP), a highly environmental-polluting solid waste. OP is mostly used for composting and production of animal feed; nevertheless, the high oil content, phenolic compounds and fiber contents in addition to its low protein content represent major obstacles for both applications. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the role of solid state fermentation (SSF) in OP using Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-8281 yeast on the chemical composition and tannin content of OP in a trial for its bioconversion into a value-added animal feed. Methods Chemical composition, nutritive and energetic values, tannin and gallic acid contents of unfermented and fermented olive pomace were investigated. Results The fermentation altered the chemical composition of OP, so that crude fiber was decreased by 8.56%, while crude protein, fat and carbohydrate contents were increased by 2.74, 2.63 and 3.57%, respectively. Moreover, the effect of fermentation on cell wall constituents, gross energy, digestible energy, total digestible nutrients and digestible crude protein was evaluated. Furthermore, HPLC analysis revealed that K. marxianus mediated fermentation of OP resulted in a sharp decrease in tannin content by 96.75% with 2.8 times increase in gallic acid concentration. Conclusion SSF of OP by K. marxianus does not only eliminate the environmental pollution resulting from its accumulation, but also presents a new eco-friendly valorization technique which leaves OP with an altered chemical composition allowing its use as animal feed or compost

نوع جديد من الهيموجريجارينات في دم الورل الصحراوي من مصر

Ten monitors, Varanus griseus collected from various localities in Egypt were examined for protozoan blood parasites. A new species of the genus Haemogregarina senso lato is reported from six of these monitors. Blood forms of Haemogregarina roshdyi n.sp. are described. These forms produce changes to the shape and structure of infected cells including stretching and slight dehaemoglobization of infected cells and displacement of the nuclei. Despite of the low parasitaemia observed in the blood, schizogonic stages have been observed in the lungs and liver. The new species is compared with other species of haemogregarines described previously from varanids.يصف الباحثون نوعاً جديداً من الهيموجريجارنيات في دم الورل الصحراوي من مصر ، ويشتمل البحث على وصف تفصيلي لمختلف مراحل الطفيلي التي تصيب خلايا الدم الحمراء ، وتؤدي إلى حدوث بعض التغيرات في تلك الخلايا وإزاحة أنويتها ، كما تم وصف مراحل نمو تلك الطفيليات في الرئتين والكبد ، فضلا عن مقارنة النوع الجديد بالأنواع الأخرى التي سبق وصفها من زواحف الورل في أفريقيا

نوعان جديدان من الهيموجريجارينات في دم نوعين من الثعابين في مصر

Two species of colubrid and elapid snakes collected from different localities in Egypt were examined for protozoan blood parasites. TWo new species of Haemogregarina senso lato are described: Haemogregarina garnhami n.sp. is described from 65.2% of Psammophis schokari aegyptius collected from El-Faiyum, El Bahariya Oases and Aswan and Hg. aswanensis n.sp. is reported in one specimen out of four Naja haje collected from Aswan in Upper Egypt. Blood and tissue stages are described for the two species of haemogregarines and are compared with eight species of haemogregarines reported previously from snakes in Egypt.وصف المؤلفون نوعين من طفيليات الدم الأولية التي تصيب نوعين من الثعابين في مصر ، هما هيموجريجارينا جارنامي الذي يصيب ثعبان أبو السيورشوكارى الجبلي ، هيموجريجارينا أسواننسز الذي يصيب ثعبان الكوبرا . ويتضمن البحث وصفا كاملا لمختلف مراحل نمو الهيموجريجارينات في خلايا الدم الحمراء وكذلك في أنسجة الرئتين أو/ والكبد ، كما ناقش المؤلفون الأسس التي تم الاعتماد عليها في تمييز النوعين الجديدين عن الأنواع الأخرى المشابهة التي سبق التعرف عليها من الثعابين

هيموجررينات الأبراص في مصر مع وصف نوع جديد : هيموجريجارينا حلميمحمدى

Three species of geckos collected from various localities in Egypt were examined for protozoan blood parasites. Haemogregarines were reported in all the three species of geckos. Problems of the generic and specific identification of haemogregarines are reviewed and a practical policy suggested earlier is discussed, updated and followed in the present work. Haemogregarina tarentannulari Mohammed and Ramadan, 1996 and H.rawashi Mohammed and Ramadan, 1996 are redescribed from 44.4 and 43.8% of Tarentola annularis and Pty-chodactylus hasselquisti respectively and their geographical distribution is extended to new localities in Egypt. H.helmymohammedi n.sp. is described from Hemidactylus flaviviridis collected from Southern Sinai. Various blood forms and some tissue stages are described for the three species of haemogregarines which are also compared with other related species from Africa.سجل المؤلفون أوليات الدم الطفيلية المعروفة بالهيموجريجارينات من ثلاثة أنواع من الأبراص (زواحف برية صغيرة) تم جمعها من عدة أماكن في مصر . وقد تضمن البحث إجراء مراجعة تحليلية ومناقشة موسعة للآراء العلمية التي سبق أن أبداها العديد من الباحثين المهتمين بدراسة هذه المجموعة من الأوليات الطفيلية ، خلص بعدها المؤلفون إلى ترجيح الأخذ بنهج علمي سبق اقتراحه منذ فترة واتبعه بعد ذلك عدد من الباحثين الثقاة في هذا المجال ، كما تضمن البحث وصفاً لثلاثة أنواع من تلك الطفيليات هي : هيموجريجارينا تارنتانيولاري ، هيموجريجارينا رواشي بالإضافة إلى هيموجريجارينا حلميمحمدى وهو نوع جديد يوصف لأول مرة . وقد ناقّش المؤلفون الأسس التي يمكن الاعتماد عليها في تمييز الأنواع الثلاثة عن غيرها من الأنواع التي سبق تسجيلها في تلك المجموعة من الزواحف البرية