Neighbour-joining tree illustrating the genetic relatedness between the <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> isolates across 9 loci.

<p>Only isolates with complete genotyping data across all 9 loci are presented. The two isolates highlighted with black dots, 6J and 9J, exhibited differing <i>pvmdr1</i> multi-locus genotypes from the other isolates: L953-Y976-N1010-<u>F</u>0176 in 6J and 9J versus L953-Y976-N1010-<u>L</u>1076 in the other isolates. The dotted grey outlines illustrate the isolates with high ancestry to <i>K</i>1 and <i>K</i>2 at <i>K</i> = 2.</p

Patient sampling details.

<p>Patient sampling details.</p

Complexity of infection and population diversity.

<p>Complexity of infection and population diversity.</p

Summary of Pvmdr1 haplotypes.

<p>Summary of Pvmdr1 haplotypes.</p

<i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> prevalence maps.

<p>These maps were generated by the Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford. The colour scales reflect the model-based geostatistical point estimates of the annual mean <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> parasite rate in the 1–99 year age range (<i>Pv</i>PR_1-99) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0166124#pone.0166124.ref017" target="_blank">17</a>] within the stable spatial limits of transmission in 2010. The approximate locations of the study sites described here are indicated with numbered open circles in the Iran panel: Bandar Lengeh County (1), Qeshm County (2), Minab County (3), Rudan County (4) and Jask County (5). All MAP maps are available to users under the CCAL 3.0. <a href="http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/about-map/open-access/" target="_blank">http://www.map.ox.ac.uk/about-map/open-access/</a>.</p

Population structure.

<p>Bar plots illustrating the population structure at <i>K</i> = 2, <i>K</i> = 3 and <i>K</i> = 4. Each vertical bar represents an individual sample and each colour represents one of the <i>K</i> clusters (sub-populations) defined by STRUCTURE. For each sample, the predicted ancestry to each of the <i>K</i> sub-populations is represented by the colour-coded bars. <i>K</i>1 = red, <i>K</i>2 = orange, <i>K</i>3 = light green and <i>K</i>4 = dark green. Samples are ordered by date of collection (oldest to newest) within each of the Autochthonous, Imported and Unknown sample groups.</p