Dynamic Modeling for a Second Order System ofTanks in Series Non-interacting System Using Simulink in Matlab

Series non-interacting tank system is a series of tank that been align together after each other. The level of both tank are the control variables in this system meanwhile the flowrate inlet and outlet of the tanks are the manipulated variables. Since a tank is design at certain limit, thus the level of the tank must always be monitored so that it would not go beyond the design level as this will give bad effect to the tank itself. Indeed it is also a safety precaution; excess level may cause spillage and spoil the tank as well as the product quality. For the purpose of study, this dynamic model has been developed to give a reliable mathematical model so that it will give an ease for future system monitoring. Level of each tank really depending on one another as the tanks is arranged in series; furthermore the level must also be controlled. In this dynamic modeling, two tanks in series have been taken as an example. This is only to grab the concept of series tank. The number oftank can be extended but still the two series tank concept is taken as a baseline. And this is the reason why this experiment is using the second order system. Simulink is the core software for this dynamic modeling. The simulation as well as the PID tuning is done using this software. The values that have been substituted in this simulation are taken from a real figure from PETRONAS in Dexter. However, there are still some assumptions have beenmade such as pumps stroke, valve opening etc. Those figures also been varied in order to study its trending. But when come to the real application, those values canbe substituted back withthe actual value from plant

Dynamic Modeling for a Second Order System ofTanks in Series Non-interacting System Using Simulink in Matlab

Series non-interacting tank system is a series of tank that been align together after each other. The level of both tank are the control variables in this system meanwhile the flowrate inlet and outlet of the tanks are the manipulated variables. Since a tank is design at certain limit, thus the level of the tank must always be monitored so that it would not go beyond the design level as this will give bad effect to the tank itself. Indeed it is also a safety precaution; excess level may cause spillage and spoil the tank as well as the product quality. For the purpose of study, this dynamic model has been developed to give a reliable mathematical model so that it will give an ease for future system monitoring. Level of each tank really depending on one another as the tanks is arranged in series; furthermore the level must also be controlled. In this dynamic modeling, two tanks in series have been taken as an example. This is only to grab the concept of series tank. The number oftank can be extended but still the two series tank concept is taken as a baseline. And this is the reason why this experiment is using the second order system. Simulink is the core software for this dynamic modeling. The simulation as well as the PID tuning is done using this software. The values that have been substituted in this simulation are taken from a real figure from PETRONAS in Dexter. However, there are still some assumptions have beenmade such as pumps stroke, valve opening etc. Those figures also been varied in order to study its trending. But when come to the real application, those values canbe substituted back withthe actual value from plant

Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Malignancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES: The use of endoscopic approaches for sinonasal malignancy resection has increased, but survival data are limited secondary to disease rarity and new surgical technique. Here we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic endonasal resection of sinonasal malignancy. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PubMed Central, NCBI Bookshelf, Cochrane Library, clinicaltrials.gov, National Guideline Clearinghouse. REVIEW METHODS: PRISMA/MOOSE guidelines were followed. MeSH terms were "endoscopic" AND ("esthesioneuroblastoma" OR "sinonasal adenocarcinoma" OR "squamous cell carcinoma" OR "sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma"). For studies in which individual-level data were available, results were obtained by direct pooling. For studies in which only summary Kaplan-Meier curves were available, numerical data were extracted, traced, and aggregated by fitting a Weibull model. RESULTS: Of 320 studies identified, 35 case series were included (n = 952 patients), with 15 studies analyzed via aggregate modeling and 20 studies analyzed via direct pooling. Two- and 5-year survival rates for patients in aggregate modeling were 87.5% and 72.3%, respectively (mean follow-up: 32.9 months). Two- and 5-year survival for patients in direct pooling were 85.8% and 83.5%, respectively (mean follow-up: 43.0 ± 19.5 months). Significant overall survival difference was found between low- and high-grade cancers (P = .015) but not between low- and high-stage cancers (P = .79). CONCLUSION: Overall 2- and 5-year survival rates are comparable and sometimes greater than those from open craniofacial resection. Survival rates significantly differ by cancer grade but not stage. Journals and investigators should be encouraged to publish retrospective and prospective case series with staged survival updates based on established guidelines

Study of biochemical changes after plateletpheresis in healthy male donors

BACKGROUND: There is relatively little information about endogenous biochemical changes in a response to plateletpheresis in healthy donors. We aimed to investigate the changes in different biochemical parameters including glycemic status, insulin resistance, iron status, lipid profile and inflammatory markers after plateletpheresis in healthy male donors with normal glycemic status. METHODS: In this study we enrolled 10 male subjects. The glycemic status in all subjects was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test pre- and post-plateletpheresis at different time intervals (1, 8 and 22 days). Different biochemical parameters including glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipids, uric acid, transferrin, ferritin, C-reactive protein and insulin resistance were measured. Repeated ANOVA was utilized for the purpose of statistical comparison of means between different days. RESULTS: Fasting glucose, transferrin, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, and LDL-C were significantly altered (-3.9%, p<0.05; -2.7%, p<0.05; -3.9%, p<0.05; 23.9%, p<0.05; -5.5%, p<0.01; and -9.2%, p<0.05 respectively) at day 1 following plateletpheresis. There was a gradual reduction in HbA1c and ferritin levels during the time-course of the study, and by day 22, both were significantly lower (-2.0%, p<0.01; -18.1%, p<0.05 respectively) when compared to the pre-plateletpheresis levels. CONCLUSIONS: Post-plateletpheresis, several biochemical parameters may change significantly in healthy donors. The changes were particularly evident one and 22 days after donation. The potential effects of plateletpheresis need to be considered when interpreting biochemical tests

Volumetric nasal cavity analysis in children with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) often suffer from nasal obstruction that may be related to effects on nasal volume. The objective of this study was to compare side:side volume ratios and nasal volume in patients with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral (BCLP) clefts with age-matched controls. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study using three-dimensional (3D) nasal airway reconstructions. METHODS: We analyzed 20 subjects (age range = 7-12 years) with UCLP and BCLP from a regional craniofacial center who underwent cone beam computed tomography (CT) prior to alveolar grafting. Ten multislice CT images from age-matched controls were also analyzed. Mimics software (Materialise, Plymouth, MI) was used to create 3D reconstructions of the main nasal cavity and compute total and side-specific nasal volumes. Subjects imaged during active nasal cycling phases were excluded. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in affected:unaffected side volume ratios in UCLP (P = .48) or left:right ratios in BCLP (P = .25) when compared to left:right ratios in controls. Mean overall nasal volumes were 9,932 ± 1,807, 7,097 ± 2,596, and 6,715 ± 2,115 mm(3) for control, UCLP, and BCLP patients, respectively, with statistically significant volume decreases for both UCLP and BCLP subjects from controls (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to analyze total nasal volumes in BCLP patients. Overall nasal volume is compromised in UCLP and BCLP by approximately 30%. Additionally, our finding of no major difference in side:side ratios in UCLP and BCLP compared to controls conflicts with pre-existing literature, likely due to exclusion of actively cycling scans and our measurement of the functional nasal cavity

Availability of Readable Online Spanish Rhinosinusitis Outcome Measures

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are useful instruments that give providers insight into patients’ experiences with disease by quantifying the symptoms that matter most to patients. Results of these questionnaires can help guide management in chronic rhinosinusitis. However, these tools are often developed for native English speakers, which disadvantages others, who already have a language barrier to care. The aim of this study is to evaluate accessibility and readability of Spanish PROMs used to evaluate rhinosinusitis. Methods: Three Spanish readability measures, Gilliam, Peña & Mountain; SOL; and Fernandez-Huerta were used to evaluate PROMs utilized for rhinosinusitis. PROMs with sixth-grade readability level or easier were considered to meet health literacy recommendations. Results: Four Spanish PROMs utilized in assessment of rhinosinusitis were identified and evaluated. Cuestionario Español de Calidad de Vida en Rinitis (ESPRINT-15) was the most readable PROM and met readability recommendations in two of three measures. Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation met suggested levels in one measure. The remainder of readability scores were more difficult than recommended. Conclusion: PROMs are powerful clinical tools that help patients communicate their symptoms and self-advocate. For providers to gain accurate and useful information, these measures should be written at appropriate readability levels. Most Spanish PROMs used for assessment of rhinosinusitis were above recommended readability. Development of future PROMs should ensure appropriate readability levels to provide good patient-centered care for our primarily Spanish speaking patients

Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Modulator Therapy: A Review for the Otolaryngologist

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that may result in multiple systemic disorders and potentially fatal severe respiratory compromise. However, the advent of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators has changed the management of CF for patients with select mutations. Although clinical trials have highlighted increased pulmonary function and decreased exacerbations as a result of these novel therapies, their effect on the sinuses has not been well-described. Objective: Our objective is to review the CFTR modulators to provide otolaryngologists, physicians who frequently care for patients with CF, a basic understanding of these drugs and their effects on chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in patients with CF. Methods: The clinically approved and available CFTR modulators and specific indications for their use are reviewed. Additionally, a systematic review of these therapies and effects on CRS in CF was performed. Results: Four Food and Drug Administration approved CFTR modulators are available for patients with CF. Current drugs are approved for gating, residual function, or F508del mutations. Multiple reports describe CFTR modulators’ increase in transepithelial ion transport in nasal epithelial cultures; however, clinical studies regarding effects of these modulators on sinonasal health are limited to 5 studies that present new data of the effects of CFTR modulators in CRS. Conclusions: CFTR modulators have changed management of CF. Initial studies of these medications demonstrate promising results in CF; however, there is a paucity of literature describing the effect of CFTR modulators on CF-associated CRS, although initial results are encouraging