9 research outputs found
Do dividends signal future earnings in the Nordic stock markets?
We study the informational content of dividends on three Nordic civil law markets, where other simultaneous but blurring motives for dividends may be weaker. Using aggregate data on real earnings per share and payout ratios, long time series from 1969 to 2010, and methodologies which address problems of endogeneity, non-stationarity and autocorrelation (including a Vector Error Correction Model approach), we find evidence on dividend signaling in Nordic markets. However, we also find heterogeneity in the relationship between dividends and earnings on markets similar in many respects, suggesting that even small variations in the institutional surroundings may be important for the results
Mouse and human Notch-1 regulate mucosal immune responses.
The Notch-1 signaling pathway is responsible for homeostatic tight junction expression in vitro, and promotes barrier
function in vivo in the RAG1-adoptive transfer model of colitis. In this study, we sought to determine the role of colonic
Notch-1 in the lymphoepithelial crosstalk in health and disease. We utilized in vivo and in vitro knockdown to target the
expression of Notch-1. We identified that epithelial Notch-1 is required for appropriate activation of intestinal epithelial
cells at steady state and upon inflammatory stimulus. Notch-1 expression modulates mucosal chemokine and cytokine
secretion, and FoxP3 and effector T-cell responses. We showed that epithelial Notch-1 controls the immune function of
the epithelium through crosstalk with the nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways
that, in turn, elicits T-cell responses. Overall, epithelial Notch-1 bridges innate and adaptive immunity in the gut.
Our findings highlight an indispensable role for Notch-1-mediated signaling in the intricate epithelial-immune crosstalk,
and validate that epithelial Notch-1 is necessary and sufficient to support protective epithelial proinflammatory
responses