Effects of cumin extract on oxLDL, paraoxanase 1 activity, FBS, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo A1, and Apo B in in the patients with hypercholesterolemia.

OBJECTIVES Paraoxanase 1 (PON1) plays a protective role against the oxidative modification of plasma lipoproteins and hydrolyzes lipid peroxides in human atherosclerotic lesions. Cumin is the dried seed of the herb Cuminumcyminum that is known as Zeera in Iran. Cumin seeds contain flavonoids which are now generally recognized to have antioxidant activity and improve the antioxidant system. So, they possibly modify PON1 activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) level. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of cumin extract supplementation on oxLDL, paraoxanase 1 activity, FBS, total cholesterol, triglycerides, High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B)in the patients with hypercholesterolemia. METHODOLOGY A fasting venous blood sample was obtained from the voluntary persons before and 45±3 days after taking cumin. Glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were assayed using standard enzymatic procedures. HDL-Cand LDL-C were measured by direct method and ApoA1 and ApoB levels by immunoturbidimeteric methods. The levels of arylesterase and paraoxanase activities in the samples were measured by photometry methods and oxLDL by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. 3 to 5 drops of cumin extract were added to the patient's diet three times a day based on manufacturer's instruction for 45±3 days. The biochemical parameters were compared before and after taking cumin. Data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test in SPSS statistical software (version 11.5). RESULTS The results demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in the level of oxLDL after receiving cumin. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities increased in serum after taking cumin extract. CONCLUSION Based on the results, cumin reduces oxLDL level and increases both paraoxonase and arylesterase activity

The Effect of Adiponectin on Osteonectin Gene Expression by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein-Treated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Osteonectin is a bone-associated protein involved in vascular calcification. Adiponectin may protect against cardiovascular disease but possible effects on vascular calcification have been poorly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of adiponectin on oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced expression of osteonectin in human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA/VSMCs). HA/VSMCs were cultured in F12K media and then treated with oxLDL (100 mu g/mL) in the presence or absence of adoponectin (5 mu g/mL) for 24 and 48 hours. mRNA expression and protein level of osteonectin were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. After exposure to oxLDL, osteonectin expression increased 1.62 +/- 0.23- and 6.62 +/- 0.48-fold after 24 and 48 hours respectively compared to the control. Adiponectin increased oxLDL-induced osteonectin expression in a time-dependent manner after 24 and 48 hours (3.24 +/- 0.39- and 24.93 +/- 2.15-fold, respectively). Western blotting confirmed that osteonectin protein was upregulated by adiponectin. Our data suggest that OxLDL might cause the increase of osteonectin expression both at mRNA and protein level. This upregulation is intensified by adiponectin

Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Upregulated Expression of Osteonectin and Bone Sialoprotein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Background: Oxidative stress has been associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and activation of genes that lead to increased deposition of proteins in the extracellular matrix. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteonectin are proteins involved in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification. Objective: To investigate the effect of oxidized low-density lipoprotein on osteonectin and BSP expression in human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HA/VSMCs). Methods: We treated HA/VSMCs with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and measured the relative expression of osteonectin and BSP genes using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. We investigated the protein levels produced by each gene using the western blotting technique. Results: oxLDL increased osteonectin and BSP levels (mean SD], 9.1 2.1]-fold and 4.2 0.75]-fold, respectively) after 48 hours. The western blotting results also confirmed the increased levels of osteonectin and BSP. Conclusion: oxLDL may enhance vascular calcification by promoting the expression of osteonectin and BSP

Effect of gallic acid on Alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

Background and purpose: Vascular calcification is an important factor in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown that alkaline phosphatase increases vascular calcification. Here we investigated the effect of gallic acid on alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Materials and methods: In this experimental study humans aorta VSMCs were incubated with beta glycerol phosphate as calcification-inducing media. Then these cells were treated with 160, 180 and 200 µMol concentration of gallic acid for 24h, 48h and 72h. The total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized and then alkaline phosphatase expression was measured by real time PCR. Alkaline phosphatase specific activity was measured by spectrophotometry. Results: Overall, 160, 180 and 200 µMol concentration of gallic acid decreased alkaline phosphatase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cell by 1.98, 2.03, and 3.16 folds, respectively after 72h compared with the control group. The alkaline phosphatase specific activity also decreased compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: Our results showed that gallic acid decreased the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase suggesting that this antioxidant compound may attenuate vascular calcification

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) effects on serum paraoxanase-1 activity

زمینه و هدف: گیاه خرفه یکی از غنی ترین منابع گیاهی دارای اسید های چرب امگا 3 می باشد و مواد آنتی اکسیدان و عناصر معدنی متعدد در بخش های مختلف این گیاه وجود دارد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تاثیر گیاه خرفه بر سطح لیپوپروتئین ها به ویژه لیپوپروتئین های با دانسیته پایین اکسیده (OxLDL) و فعالیت آنزیم پاراکسوناز1 و مقایسه آن با اثر لواستاتین انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی از بین بیماران مراجعه کننده به پزشک متخصص داخلی کلینیک تخصصی بیمارستان آیت اله کاشانی شهرکرد، 93 بیمار که دارای LDL بیشتر از mg/dl 100 بودند به روش در دسترس انتخاب و به دو گروه دریافت کننده روزانه 50 تا 60 گرم خرفه خام و گروه دریافت کننده روزانه mg/day20 لواستاتین تقسیم شدند. در شروع مطالعه و 45 روز پس از مصرف خرفه و لواستاتین از همه افراد دو گروه 5 میلی لیتر خون به صورت ناشتا گرفته و بر روی نمونه ها آزمایشات مربوط با روشهای استاندارد انجام شده و نتایج بدست آمده از طریق آزمون های آماری t و t زوجی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: مصرف خرفه و لواستاتین باعث کاهش در کلسترول تام، LDL-C و OxLDL شد (05/0

Study of I405V polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein gene in efficacy of statins on plasma level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol

زمینه و هدف: پروتئین انتقال دهنده کلسترول استر (CETP) در متابولیسم لیپوپروتئین با دانستیه بالا (HDL) و مسیر انتقال معکوس کلسترول نقش اساسی دارد. چند شکلی های ژن CETP مانند I405V (ایزولوسین به والین) که مستقیماً بر HDL کلسترول تاثیر می‌گذارد رونویسی از این ژن را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. هدف این مطالعه تعیین تاثیر پلی مورفیسم I405V ژن CETP بر سطح HDL کلسترول در پاسخ به درمان با استاتین‌ها می‌باشد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی - تحلیلی از بین بیمارانی که سطح لیپوپروتئین با دانسیته پایین کلسترول (LDL-C) بالاتر از 120 میلی گرم در دسی لیتر تحت درمان، 196 بیمار دریافت کننده لواستاتین و آتوراستاتین انتخاب شدند. در همه بیماران قبل و بعد از درمان پروفایل لیپیدی اندازه‌گیری شد. پلی مورفیسم I405V ژن CETP توسط تکنیک چند شکلی طول قطعه محدود (PCR- RFLP) تعیین گردید. سپس نتایج آزمایشات بیوشیمیایی در پلی مورفیسم‌های مختلف با استفاده از آزمون‌های t زوجی، ANOVA و توکی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: پس از درمان با لواستاتین در ژنوتیپ VV سطح کلسترول کاهش بیشتر و سطح HDL افزایش بیشتری نسبت به دو ژنوتیپ دیگر نشان داد (05/0

Equilibrium orbit analysis in a free-electron laser with a coaxial wiggler

An analysis of single-electron orbits in combined coaxial wiggler and axial guide magnetic fields is presented. Solutions of the equations of motion are developed in a form convenient for computing orbital velocity components and trajectories in the radially dependent wiggler. Simple analytical solutions are obtained in the radially-uniform-wiggler approximation and a formula for the derivative of the axial velocity $v_{\|}$ with respect to Lorentz factor $\gamma$ is derived. Results of numerical computations are presented and the characteristics of the equilibrium orbits are discussed. The third spatial harmonic of the coaxial wiggler field gives rise to group $III$ orbits which are characterized by a strong negative mass regime.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, to appear in phys. rev.

Study of -629C/A polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in statin effects on plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol level

Background and aim: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays in HDL metabolism and in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pivotal role pathway. CETP gene variants such as -629C/A that affect HDL cholesterol directly, modulates CETP gene transcriptional activity. This study was aimed to determine influence of -629C/A polymorphism of CETP in statin effects with regard to plasma HDL cholesterol levels. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 196 adult patients with LDL-C more than 120mg/dL were divided into two groups base on lovastatin and atorvastatin using. Lipid profile was measured in all subjects before and after treatment and -629C/A polymorphism of CETP promoter was studied using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Data were compared with paired t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software. Results: Cholesterol was decreased and HDL was increased in AA genotype more than other genotypes by lovastatin, but ApoA1 was increased in CC genotype. ApoA1 also was increased in CC genotype more than AA or AC genotypes by atorvastatin. Conclusion: In CC genotype, lovastatin and specially atorvastatin increased ApoA1 in HDL particles more than other genotypes. Therefore, treatment with lovastatin and atorvastatin is more effective in patients with CC genotype for raising HDL particles activity

Study of -629C/A polymorphism of cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in statin effects on plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol level

Background and aim: Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays pivotal role in HDL metabolism and in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. CETP gene variants such as -629C/A that affect HDL cholesterol directly modulates CETP gene tranh1ional activity. This study was aimed to determine influence of -629C/A polymorphism of CETP in statin effects with regard to plasma HDL cholesterol levels. Methods: In this deh1ive-analytical study 196 adult patients with LDL-C more than 120mg/dL were divided into two groups base on lovastatin and atorvastatin using. Lipid profile was measured in all subjects before and after treatment and -629C/A polymorphism of CETP promoter was studied using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Data were compared with paired t-test and ANOVA in SPSS software. Results: Cholesterol was decreased and HDL was increased in AA genotype more than other genotypes by lovastatin but ApoA1 was increased in CC genotype. ApoA1 also was increased in CC genotype more than AA or AC genotypes by atorvastatin. Conclusion: In CC genotype lovastatin and specially atorvastatin increased ApoA1 in HDL particles more than other genotypes. Therefore treatment with lovastatin and atorvastatin is more effective in patients with CC genotype for raising HDL particles activity

Investigation on two polymorphisms effective on HDL-C concentration in patients with coronary artery disease using restriction fragment length polymorphism

Background and aim: High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a known inverse predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase (HL) are key proteins in HDL-C metabolism so that decreased CETP or HL activity is associated with high HDL-C. -629C/A polymorphism in promoter of CETP gene and-514C/T in promoter of HL gene were previously reported to reduce related protein level in plasma. In this study association of these polymorphisms with CHD related to HDL-C level were investigated. Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study 321 subjects underwent coronary angiography and divided in two groups base on angiogram (non CAD = 135 and CAD = 186). Serum lipids profile was measured by standard procedure and genotype was detected using PCR-RFLP method. Results: Overall the CETP genotype frequencies were in CAD patients: 58.8% (n=110), 28.9% (n=54) and 12.3% (n=23) and in non CAD patients: 45.2% (n=61), 41.5% (n=56) and 13.3% (n=18) for AA, CA and CC respectively. HL genotype frequencies were in CAD patients: 61.6% (n=114), 33.5% (n=62) and 4.9% (n=9) and in non CAD patients: 65.9% (n=89), 27.4% (n=37) and 6.7% (n=9) for CC, CT and TT respectively. In control group HDL-C concentration was higher for AA than CC genotype in -629C/A, and also for TT than CC genotype in -514C/T. Allele A in all subjects and T allele in woman were higher in CAD than non CAD group. A high increase in HDL-C level (10. mg/dl) was observed in individuals with CETP-AA/LIPC-TT and CETP-CA/LIPC-TT relative to CETP-CC/LIPC-CC across all subjects (P< 0.001) but there was no difference in CAD prevalence. Conclusion: Allele A from -629C/A, and T from -514C/T even with the increasing of HDL-C concentration had higher frequency in CAD than non CAD group. Therefore, it seems that HDL-C didn’t protect coronary artery when CETP or HL activity was reduced by these polymorphisms