An opacity-tolerant conspiracy in phonological acquisition

National Institutes of Health DC00433, RR7031K, DC00076, DC001694 (PI: Gierut

Developmental shifts in phonological strength relations

National Institutes of Health DC00433, RR7031K, DC00076, DC001694 (PI: Gierut

Comparative markedness and induced opacity

Results are reported from a descriptive and experimental study that was intended to evaluate comparative markedness (McCarthy 2002, 2003) as an amendment to optimality theory. Two children (aged 4;3 and 4;11) with strikingly similar, delayed phonologies presented with two independent, interacting error patterns of special interest, i.e., Deaffrication ([tIn] 'chin') and Consonant Harmony ([$\text{g}$ↄ$\text{g}$] 'dog') in a feeding interaction ([kik] 'cheek'). Both children were enrolled in a counterbalanced treatment study employing a multiple base-line single-subject experimental design, which was intended to induce a grandfather effect in one case ([dↄ$\text{g}$] 'dog' and [kik] 'cheek') and a counterfeeding interaction in the other ([$\text{g}$ↄ$\text{g}$] 'dog' and [tik] 'cheek'). The results were largely supportive of comparative markedness, although some anomalies were observed. The clinical implications of these results are also explored.National Institutes of Health DC00433, RR7031K, DC00076, DC001694 (PI: Gierut

Bayesian Reconstruction of Magnetic Resonance Images using Gaussian Processes

A central goal of modern magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to reduce the time required to produce high-quality images. Efforts have included hardware and software innovations such as parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and deep learning-based reconstruction. Here, we propose and demonstrate a Bayesian method to build statistical libraries of magnetic resonance (MR) images in k-space and use these libraries to identify optimal subsampling paths and reconstruction processes. Specifically, we compute a multivariate normal distribution based upon Gaussian processes using a publicly available library of T1-weighted images of healthy brains. We combine this library with physics-informed envelope functions to only retain meaningful correlations in k-space. This covariance function is then used to select a series of ring-shaped subsampling paths using Bayesian optimization such that they optimally explore space while remaining practically realizable in commercial MRI systems. Combining optimized subsampling paths found for a range of images, we compute a generalized sampling path that, when used for novel images, produces superlative structural similarity and error in comparison to previously reported reconstruction processes (i.e. 96.3% structural similarity and <0.003 normalized mean squared error from sampling only 12.5% of the k-space data). Finally, we use this reconstruction process on pathological data without retraining to show that reconstructed images are clinically useful for stroke identification

On the interaction of deaffrication and consonant harmony

Error patterns in children's phonological development are often described as simplifying processes that can interact with one another with different consequences. Some interactions limit the applicability of an error pattern, and others extend it to more words. Theories predict that error patterns interact to their full potential. While specific interactions have been documented for certain pairs of processes, no developmental study has shown that the range of typologically predicted interactions occurs for those processes. To determine whether this anomaly is an accidental gap or a systematic peculiarity of particular error patterns, two commonly occurring processes were considered, namely Deaffrication and Consonant Harmony. Results are reported from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of 12 children (age 3;0 - 5;0) with functional phonological delays. Three interaction types were attested to varying degrees. The longitudinal results further instantiated the typology and revealed a characteristic trajectory of change. Implications of these findings are explored.National Institutes of Health DC00433, RR7031K, DC00076, DC001694 (PI: Gierut

Inferior vena cava branch variations in C57BL/6 mice have an impact on thrombus size in an IVC ligation (stasis) model

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110835/1/jth12866.pd

How Efficient Is The Langacker-Pi Mechanism of Monopole Annihilation?

We investigate the dynamics of monopole annihilation by the Langacker-Pi mechanism. We find taht considerations of causality, flux-tube energetics and the friction from Aharonov-Bohm scatteering suggest that the monopole annihilation is most efficient if electromagnetism is spontaneously broken at the lowest temperature ($T_{em} \approx 10^6 GeV$) consistent with not having the monopoles dominate the energy density of the universe.Comment: 10 page

Sophisticated falsification and research cycles: Consequences for differential character weighting in phylogenetic systematics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72703/1/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00424.x.pd

Superdeformation in 198^{198}Po

The $^{174}$Yb($^{29}$Si,5n) reaction at 148 MeV with thin targets was used to populate high-angular momentum states in $^{198}$Po. Resulting $\gamma$ rays were observed with Gammasphere. A weakly-populated superdeformed band of 10 $\gamma$-ray transitions was found and has been assigned to $^{198}$Po. This is the first observation of a SD band in the $A \approx 190$ region in a nucleus with $Z > 83$. The ${\cal J}^{(2)}$ of the new band is very similar to those of the yrast SD bands in $^{194}$Hg and $^{196}$Pb. The intensity profile suggests that this band is populated through states close to where the SD band crosses the yrast line and the angular momentum at which the fission process dominates.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, 2 figs. available on request, submitted to Phys. Rev. C. (Rapid Communications