Examen critique des influences environnementales et familiales de la délinquance

The focus in this paper is on individual factors such as high impulsivity and low intelligence, family factors such as poor parental supervision and erratic parental discipline, and neighbourhood factors such as physical deterioration and social disorganisation. In the interest of reducing complexity, biological, peer, school and other factors will be neglected

Les signaux précoces de l’agir délinquant fréquent

A great deal is known about the early precursors of offending in general, but much less is known about early factors which discriminate between high rate and low rate offenders. Childhood antisocial behaviour, criminal parents and siblings, indicators of social deprivation such as low income, and low intelligence and attainment predict both offending and high rate offending. Many of the future chronic offenders could have been predicted by these factors at the time of their first conviction. However, child rearing factors such as poor parental supervision, harsh or erratic parental discipline, and parental conflict are excellent predictors of offending in general but not of high rate as opposed to low rate offending. Little is known about protective factors which might prevent high risk children from becoming high rate offenders

Emerging Challenges for Criminology: Drawing the Margins of Crimes against Humanity

This paper analyses the provisions of crimes against humanity, by pooling primary and secondary sources. The history of the term is traced through antiquity and the legacy of Nuremberg, followed by an analysis of contemporary law. Further analysis deals with the elements and the enumerated acts that are currently recognized internationally as crimes against humanity. Philosophical, socio-legal and criminological aspects are discussed, followed by a critical evaluation and conclusions regarding the future of Crimes against Humanity

The nature and prevalence of bullying among boys and girls in Croatian care institutions: a descriptive analysis of children's homes and correctional homes

"No research to date has established reliable estimates of bullying behaviour in Croatian care institutions. Drawing upon conceptual and methodological conclusions from the prison-based research in the UK, the present study aimed to explore the nature and extent of indirect and direct bullying in a national sample of boys and girls from Croatian residential care facilities. The study also aimed to assess whether there were gender differences in the frequency and types of bullying as well as whether bullying was more prevalent and serious in Correctional Homes as opposed to in Children’s Homes. The sample consisted of 601 young people aged 11 – 21 from 22 residential institutions in Croatia. Data was collected using an anonymous self-reported questionnaire. Residents were classified as bullies or victims if they reported at least one behaviour indicative of bullying others or being bullied two or three times a month or more often. With this defi nition, approximately three quarters of residents in both Children’s Homes and Correctional Homes were involved in bullying either as victims (66.8% and 56.3% respectively) or as bullies (45.9% and 50.2% respectively). Indirect victimisation was more prevalent in Children’s Homes. In both samples, girls were signifi cantly more likely than boys to be involved in indirect bullying either as victims or as perpetrators. In Correctional Homes, boys were signifi cantly more likely than girls to bully directly. Although descriptive in nature, this study is the fi rst to offer a comprehensive insight into bullying behaviour in Croatian residential care. As such, it should serve as a basis for future research." [author's abstract