3,009 research outputs found
Detecting Gluino-Containing Hadrons
When SUSY breaking produces only dimension-2 operators, gluino and photino
masses are of order 1 GeV or less. The gluon-gluino bound state has mass
1.3-2.2 GeV and lifetime > 10^{-5} - 10^{-10} s. This range of mass and
lifetime is largely unconstrained because missing energy and beam dump
techniques are ineffective. With only small modifications, upcoming K^0 decay
experiments can study most of the interesting range. The lightest
gluino-containing baryon (uds-gluino) is long-lived or stable; experiments to
find it and the uud-gluino are also discussed.Comment: 13 pp, 1 figure (uuencoded). Descendant of hep-ph/9504295,
hep-ph/9508291, and hep-ph/9508292, focused on experimental search
techniques. To be published in Phys Rev Let
Dark Matter and the Baryon Asymmetry
We present a mechanism to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe which
preserves the net baryon number created in the Big Bang. If dark matter
particles carry baryon number , and , the 's freeze out at a higher temperature
and have a larger relic density than 's. If m_X \lsi 4.5 B_X GeV and the
annihilation cross sections differ by (10%) or more, this type of
scenario naturally explains the observed . Two
concrete examples are given, one of which can be excluded on observational
grounds
Experiments to Find or Exclude a Long-Lived, Light Gluino
Gluinos in the mass range ~1 1/2 - 3 1/2 GeV are absolutely excluded. Lighter
gluinos are allowed, except for certain ranges of lifetime. Only small parts of
the mass-lifetime parameter space are excluded for larger masses unless the
lifetime is shorter than ~ 2 10^{-11} (m_{gluino}/ GeV) sec. Refined mass and
lifetime estimates for R-hadrons are given, present direct and indirect
experimental constraints are reviewed, and experiments to find or definitively
exclude these possibilities are suggested.Comment: 27 pp, latex with 1 uufiled figure, RU-94-35. New version amplifies
discussion of some points and corresponds to version for Phys. Rev.
Possible manifestation of heavy stable colored particles in cosmology and cosmic rays
We discuss the cosmological implications as well as possible observability of
massive, stable, colored particles which often appear in the discussion of
physics beyond the standard model. We argue that if their masses are more than
a few hundred GeV and if they saturate the halo density and/or occur with
closure density of the universe, they are ruled out by the present WIMP search
experiments as well as the searches for anomalous heavy isotopes of ordinary
nuclei. We then comment on the possibility that these particles as well as the
monopoles could be responsible for the ultra high energy cosmic rays with
energy eV and point out that their low inelasticity argues
against this.Comment: 9 pages; UMD-PP-98-1
Recalculation of Proton Compton Scattering in Perturbative QCD
At very high energy and wide angles, Compton scattering on the proton (gamma
p -> gamma p) is described by perturbative QCD. The perturbative QCD
calculation has been performed several times previously, at leading twist and
at leading order in alpha_s, with mutually inconsistent results, even when the
same light-cone distribution amplitudes have been employed. We have
recalculated the helicity amplitudes for this process, using contour
deformations to evaluate the singular integrals over the light-cone momentum
fractions. We do not obtain complete agreement with any previous result. Our
results are closest to those of the most recent previous computation, differing
significantly for just one of the three independent helicity amplitudes, and
only for backward scattering angles. We present results for the unpolarized
cross section, and for three different polarization asymmetries. We compare the
perturbative QCD predictions for these observables with those of the handbag
and diquark models. In order to reduce uncertainties associated with alpha_s
and the three-quark wave function normalization, we have normalized the Compton
cross section using the proton elastic form factor. The theoretical predictions
for this ratio are about an order of magnitude below existing experimental
data.Comment: Latex, 23 pages, 13 figures. Checked numerical integration one more
way; added results for one more proton distribution amplitude; a few other
minor changes. Version to appear in Phys. Rev.
Statistical Matrix for Electroweak Baryogenesis
In electroweak baryogenesis, a domain wall between the spontaneously broken
and unbroken phases acts as a separator of baryon (or lepton) number,
generating a baryon asymmetry in the universe. If the wall is thin relative to
plasma mean free paths, one computes baryon current into the broken phase by
determining the quantum mechanical transmission of plasma components in the
potential of the spatially changing Higgs VEV. We show that baryon current can
also be obtained using a statistical density operator. This new formulation of
the problem provides a consistent framework for studying the influence of
quasiparticle lifetimes on baryon current. We show that when the plasma has no
self-interactions, familiar results are reproduced. When plasma
self-interactions are included, the baryon current into the broken phase is
related to an imaginary time temperature Green's function.Comment: 20 pages, no figures, Late
LIGHT PHOTINOS AS DARK MATTER
There are good reasons to consider models of low-energy supersymmetry with
very light photinos and gluinos. In a wide class of models the lightest
-odd, color-singlet state containing a gluino, the , has a mass in the
1-2 GeV range and the slightly lighter photino, \pho, would survive as the
relic -odd species. For the light photino masses considered here, previous
calculations resulted in an unacceptable photino relic abundance. But we point
out that processes other than photino self-annihilation determine the relic
abundance when the photino and are close in mass. Including
\r0\longleftrightarrow\pho processes, we find that the photino relic
abundance is most sensitive to the -to-\pho mass ratio, and within model
uncertainties, a critical density in photinos may be obtained for an
-to-\pho mass ratio in the range 1.2 to 2.2. We propose photinos in the
mass range of 500 MeV to 1.6 GeV as a dark matter candidate, and discuss a
strategy to test the hypothesis.Comment: uuencoded compressed tar file containing 32 page LaTeX file and eight
postscript figure
Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Energy
We discuss models for the cosmological dark sector in which the energy
density of a scalar field approximates Einstein's cosmological constant and the
scalar field value determines the dark matter particle mass by a Yukawa
coupling. A model with one dark matter family can be adjusted so the
observational constraints on the cosmological parameters are close to but
different from what is predicted by the Lambda CDM model. This may be a useful
aid to judging how tightly the cosmological parameters are constrained by the
new generation of cosmological tests that depend on the theory of structure
formation. In a model with two families of dark matter particles the scalar
field may be locked to near zero mass for one family. This can suppress the
long-range scalar force in the dark sector and eliminate evolution of the
effective cosmological constant and the mass of the nonrelativistic dark matter
particles, making the model close to Lambda CDM, until the particle number
density becomes low enough to allow the scalar field to evolve. This is a
useful example of the possibility for complexity in the dark sector.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures; added a reference and a minor correctio
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