Reports of meetings : Seventh AMQUA -- Character and Timing of Rapid Environmental and Climatic Changes -- 7th American Quaternary Association Conference, 28-30 June, 1982, Seattle, U.S.A.

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24163/1/0000421.pd

6th AMQUA, 18-20 August 1980, Orono, Maine: `The structure of an ice age'

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24162/1/0000420.pd

The Quaternary of Israel : Aharon Horowitz. Academic Press, New York/London, 394 pp., 1979. (With contributions by B. Arensburg, O. Bar-Yosef, R. Gophna, E. Mintz, James L. Phillips, Y. Rak, A. Ronen, E. Tchernov, John C. Vogel, and M. Weinstein.)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24441/1/0000714.pd

Kalambo falls prehistoric site. Vol. 1. By J. D. Clark. 253 pp., 32 plates and 42 figs. University Press, Cambridge. 1969. $14.50

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37506/1/1330330221_ftp.pd

Quaternary Environments

No abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34955/1/1022_ftp.pd

Sediments and stratigraphy in rockshelters and caves: A personal perspective on principles and pragmatics

Over the last half century the study of rockshelter and cave sediments has evolved from straightforward descriptive analysis to sophisticated examination on several scales—from field observations to bulk laboratory analyses to microscopic examination. Still an integrated theory to guide the interpretation of these analyses does not exist, in part because of the idiosyncratic nature of individual caves and rockshelters. This paper reviews studies that couple field observations with laboratory analyses including particle size, pebble morphology, chemical, and mineralogical studies to provide, first, the necessary basic description of the sediments and, second, an interpretation of the environment of sedimentation. These studies can lead to an understanding of site-formation processes during human occupation, and eventually to a reconstruction of local and, in some cases, regional paleoclimates. Furthermore, sediment study is essential for intrasite correlation, independent of artifact, faunal, floral, and radiometric techniques. Finally, it is emphasized that close cooperation among sedimentologists, archaeologists, and biological specialists during planning, excavation, and interpretative stages is crucial to a successfully integrated study. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34954/1/1004_ftp.pd

Greatlakean Substage: A replacement for Valderan Substage in the Lake Michigan basin

New evidence from recent field and seismic investigations in the Lake Michigan basin and in the type areas of the Valders, Two Creeks and Two Rivers deposits necessitates revision of late-glacial ice-front positions, rock- and time-stratigraphic nomenclature and climatic interpretations and deglaciation patterns for the period ca. 14,000-7,000 radiocarbon years B.P. The previously reported and long accepted pattern of deglaciation for the Lake Michigan basin started with a regular retreat from the Lake Border Morainic System, with a minor oscillation marked by the Port Huron moraine(s) and then an extensive Twocreekan deglaciation followed by a major (320 km) post-Twocreekan advance (Valders). However, we now record a major retreat between the times of the Lake Border and Port Huron moraines, followed by a gradual retreat from the Port Huron limit and interrupted by a minor standstill (deposition of Manitowoc Till), a retreat (Twocreekan) and a readvance (Two Rivers Till). No Woodfordian or younger readvance was as extensive as had been the preceding one. This sequence argues for a normal, climatically controlled, progressive deglaciation rather than one interrupted by a major post-Twocreekan (formerly Valderan) surge. This revision appears finally to harmonize the geologic evidence and the palynological record for the Great Lakes region. Our investigations show that Valders Till from which the Valderan Substage was named is late-Woodfordian in age. We propose the term "Greatlakean" as a replacement for the now misleading time-stratigraphic term "Valderan". The type section and the definition of the upper and lower boundaries of the Greatlakean Substage remain the same as those originally proposed for the Valderan Substage but the name is changed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21685/1/0000075.pd

Reply to comments by P. F. Karrow and R. F. Black

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22713/1/0000268.pd

Visible and near-infrared multispectral analysis of geochemically measured rock fragments at the Opportunity landing site in Meridiani Planum

We have used visible and near‐infrared Panoramic Camera (Pancam) spectral data acquired by the Opportunity rover to analyze 15 rock fragments at the Meridiani Planum landing site. These spectral results were then compared to geochemistry measurements made by the in situ instruments Mössbauer (MB) and Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer (APXS) to determine the feasibility of mineralogic characterization from Pancam data. Our results suggest that dust and alteration rinds coat many rock fragments, which limits our ability to adequately measure the mineralogy of some rocks from Pancam spectra relative to the different field of view and penetration depths of MB and APXS. Viewing and lighting geometry, along with sampling size, also complicate the spectral characterization of the rocks. Rock fragments with the same geochemistry of sulfate‐rich outcrops have similar spectra, although the sulfate‐rich composition cannot be ascertained based upon Pancam spectra alone. FeNi meteorites have spectral characteristics, particularly ferric oxide coatings, that generally differentiate them from other rocks at the landing site. Stony meteorites and impact fragments with unknown compositions have a diverse range of spectral properties and are not well constrained nor diagnostic in Pancam data. Bounce Rock, with its unique basalt composition, is easily differentiated in the Pancam data from all other rock types at Meridiani Planum. Our Pancam analyses of small pebbles adjacent to these 15 rock fragments suggests that other rock types may exist at the landing site but have not yet been geochemically measured