Specific Structural and Logical Model of Emergency Management

The work is devoted to solving one of the specific aspects of managing terrorist emergencies – an urgent scientific problem of our time. To achieve this goal, the work initially provides an analysis of the stages of development of emergency situations. It is shown that emergencies are objective (existing regardless of the attitude towards them) spatio-temporal processes, each of which is conventionally divided into five stages, namely: everyday accumulation of negative factors; extreme development of a negative factor; catastrophic event; elimination of the consequences of this event and their remote consequences. They occur in vehicles, man-made and natural objects, areas of the territory, water basins and mountains, cities and administrative regions. The type of each emergency is tied to a certain catastrophic event that can happen, is happening or has already happened. Then a prototype is considered - a typical structural - logical model of emergency management, which consists of six blocks. This is monitoring the situation (collecting everyday factors), identifying risk (detecting an extreme factor), analyzing risk (forecasting and modeling an emergency), preparing options for management decisions, making a decision and communicating it to executors. The subsequent impact on the situation (control object), through the structure of performers, closes the control loop, providing a continuous control process in the interests of preventing catastrophic events. On the basis of the prototype, a specific structural and logical model for managing an emergency of a terrorist nature caused by the detection of a small explosive device has been developed. It consists of thirteen blocks. This is situation monitoring, risk identification, warning and evacuation of people, search and identification of an explosive device, an explosive device, a dummy, a safe object, making a decision to use a special dome, preparatory measures, neutralizing an explosive device, localizing the consequences of neutralization, making a decision to resume and the work of the object, the impact on the situation. The location of the blocks at ten hierarchical levels, connected by logical links, provides the collection of information about the state of the object of a mass gathering of people through the elements of the monitoring system and impact on the object through the system of executors, providing a continuous management process in the interests of minimizing the consequences of terrorist events

Peculiarities of Controlling an Emergency Situation on A Water Vehicle

Based on an analysis of the main approaches to describing the emergency management process and the regularity of an emergency as a spatio-temporal process, it is proposed to use the concept of risk as one of the criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of emergency management on a water vehicle. The purpose of this work is to determine the peculiarities of the management of the NA on a water vehicle in the inland and territorial waters of Ukraine. In order to achieve this, the main approaches to the description of the emergency management process are analyzed, the regularities of the emergency situation as a space-time process are considered, and the use of the concept of risk as one of the criteria used to evaluate the effectiveness of emergency management on a water vehicle is proposed. The work assesses the possibility of dangerous phenomena by means of risk. These phenomena include natural, man-made, social, economic phenomena that occur in nature, technosphere, society, economy and are the result of the development of relevant processes. The development of these processes lead to the formation in the environment of negative (harmful, adverse) impacts on the population, objects of the technosphere and the natural environment, worsen the conditions of activity for socio-economic systems. Individual interests of people (organizations) are satisfied within separate systems of activity. These may include a person and a set of environmental objects that interact to achieve a specific human interest. The processes of life and activity in relation to people and organizations have properties, the most important of which is danger and safety. Based on the results obtained, it is proved that the level of risk of a catastrophic event is a qualitative assessment of emergency management on a water vehicle in the initial sex, and in the future the effectiveness of emergency management is assessed by the degree of minimization of the consequences of the catastrophic event

Proposals to Prevent Emergencies Caused by the Spread of Anthropogenic Pollution in the Aquatic Environment

This paper considers proposals for the prevention of emergencies caused by the ingress and spread of anthropogenic pollution in the aquatic environment, through the modernization of the laboratory installation, followed by the construction of operational control systems for discharged process water. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve the following tasks. Initially, consider the possibility of modernizing a laboratory installation for the detection of anthropogenic impurities in real ship conditions on a research vessel in the interest of preventing emergencies caused by the ingress and spread of anthropogenic pollution in the aquatic environment.  Then give a description of the proposed detector of anthropogenic pollution in the aquatic environment and consider its use as a single probe and the main element of the monitoring system of the aquatic environment.  Then offer the option of operational control of discharged process water. The operational control system for discharged process water includes a set of acoustic measuring devices installed at the points of water intake and spillway, which are connected via a telecommunication line to a laptop computer, where measurements of sound velocity corresponding to pure water, water containing impurities above and below the maximum permissible concentrations are recorded