Liver-based infant complementary food

Abstract- Weaning of infants involves the gradual introduction of solid foods and fluids along with the usual milk fed in their diet. After around six month of age, it becomes difficult to meet the nutritional requirements from the breast milk alone. This study developed beef liver based infant food as a complementary food for infants and determined its nutrient composition and sensory quality. Addition of liver to the vegetable base-formulation significantly improved the nutrient composition (P < 0.05) and consumer acceptance (P < 0.05) ofthe infant food compared to the treatments formulated with vegetables alone. The results of this study supports the importance of incorporating beef liver in to infant complementary food

Meat icing on muffins: Healthy snacking for older adults

Older adults have a higher requirement for protein compared to younger adults. An imbalance between protein supply and protein need can result in loss of skeletal muscle mass. Ingestion of 25–30g of protein per meal stimulates muscle protein synthesis in both young and older individuals[1]. The quality of protein ingested is also essential to promoting muscle health. Red meat contains high quality proteins and is rich in leucine. Decreased chewing efficiency and digestion in the elderly are responsible for lower meat protein intake from this group. Minced beef has been shown to be more rapidly-digested than servings of intact beef, resulting in increased amino acid availability and greater postprandial protein retention[2]. Muffins are common bakery snacks,mosltly prefered by older adults [3]. Designing muffins to suit nutritional needs of older adults could contribute to increased dietary protein intake. This study proposed novel easy consumable dietary approach to enhance quality protein intake for older adults. Incorporation of meat into muffin’s icing provide better snacking option to complement their protein needs

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy

Planktonic foraminiferal and paleoenvironments of the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian succession in Wadi Qena, Egypt

Quantitative analysis of the Upper Campanian-Maastrichtian foraminiferal assemblages in Hawashiya and Umm Omeiyied exposed sections at Wadi Qena, Eastern Deseret, Egypt is reconstructed to study the paleoenvironments and relative sea level changes. This study recognizes eight planktonic biozones from CF8 to CF2. The preservation of the studied samples ranging from moderate to good and is dominated by small-sized of Heterohelix spp. and Globigerinelloides spp. reflecting nutrient-rich/eutrophic marine environments. Eleven benthonic foraminiferal biofacies are recorded and reflected inner to outer neritic environments. Three sea level drops are noted at the Upper Campanian/Early Maastrichtian; Early/Middle Maastrichtian and Maastrichtian/Paleocene boundaries. These sea level drops match well with the eustatic sea level drops which are tectonically effect especially at the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary due to the absence of CF1 to P4a subzones. Keywords: Campanian-Maastrichtian, Paleoenvironments, Sequence stratigraphy, Eastern deser

A Comparison of Three Boundary Layer Schemes for Numerical Weather Prediction

Air pollution is a global issue that affects humans’ health and economic growth. In the field of meteorology, numerical models play an essential role in weather and air quality forecast. For more accurate prediction of pollutants concentrations in the atmosphere, an efficient parameterization of the planetary boundary layer is required. In this paper, performances of three different planetary boundary layer schemes were investigated through estimating PM10 pollutant mass concentration during a sand storm using the regional climate model. Wind speed and planetary boundary layer height were also evaluated to examine the consistency of the model. The simulated results were validated by comparing the estimated values to the observed and reanalysis data. The results showed that the model provided good forecast for the dust event. However, one scheme had been recommended for predicting the PM10 concentration