Stimulation with a low antigen concentration induces the CD38⁻/HLA-DR⁺ phenotype on specific CD8⁺ T cells.

<p>(A) Graphs representing the frequency of (A) CD38⁻/HLA-DR⁺ cells (dark histograms) and (B) CD38⁺/HLA-DR⁺ cells (dark gray histograms) among activated EBV-specific healthy donor CD8⁺ T cells (i.e. those expressing CD38 and/or HLA-DR) after a four-day culture period (n = 8).</p

Univariate and multivariate bootstrap linear regression analysis of the role of age, sex, HLA B57, Delay since diagnosis, and the CD4 T cell counts or HIV-1 RNA levels in log₁₀ ADCC in the 67 HIV-infected patients enrolled in the ANRS CO18 cohort.

<p>The multivariate analysis included all variables.</p>*<p>per one year increase; ** per a 1 log copies/mL increase, ***per a 100-CD4 increase;. Weak responders were compared to Strong responders; females were compared to males, HLA B57 positive patients to HLA B57 negative patients, White patients were compared with others, HLA B27 positive patients to HLA B27 negative patients. **** The number of HIV-specific CD8 T cells was not included in the multivariate analysis because there was a strong link with the Weak/Strong Responders status: all the Weak Responders had SFC below the median (less than 1960 SFC).</p

Scatterplot with overlaid linear prediction plot between the log₁₀ ADCC titers and (A) the log₁₀ RNA HIV-1 viral load (r = 0.37 and p = 0.03 in B57-, r = 0.43 and p = 0.02 in B57+), (B) the number of HIV-specific CD8 T cells (r = 0.21 and p = 0.31 in B57-, r = 0.44 and p = 0.02 in B57+), or (C) the ability of CD8 T cell to control viral replication quantified by the log₁₀ p24 decrease (r = 0.02 and p = 0.93 in B57-, r = 0.60 and p = 0.0008 in B57+), respectively in HLA B57+ (red) and HLA B57- controllers (blue).

<p>Scatterplot with overlaid linear prediction plot between the log₁₀ ADCC titers and (A) the log₁₀ RNA HIV-1 viral load (r = 0.37 and p = 0.03 in B57-, r = 0.43 and p = 0.02 in B57+), (B) the number of HIV-specific CD8 T cells (r = 0.21 and p = 0.31 in B57-, r = 0.44 and p = 0.02 in B57+), or (C) the ability of CD8 T cell to control viral replication quantified by the log₁₀ p24 decrease (r = 0.02 and p = 0.93 in B57-, r = 0.60 and p = 0.0008 in B57+), respectively in HLA B57+ (red) and HLA B57- controllers (blue).</p

ADCC responses in HIV-1 Viremic and Controller (HIC) patients.

<p>The whisker plots represent the distribution of Log₁₀ ADCC Ab titers among the 40 viremic and the 67 HIC patients. ADCC activity was detected according to our previously described ADCC-GranToxiLux (GTL) procedure <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0074855#pone.0074855-Pollara1" target="_blank">[13]</a>.</p

Predicted trajectories of mean √CD4 cell counts since HIV diagnosis according to blip status during the period of HIV control (81 HIV controllers, 1668 CD4 measurements).

<p>Predicted trajectories of mean √CD4 cell counts since HIV diagnosis according to blip status during the period of HIV control (81 HIV controllers, 1668 CD4 measurements).</p

Characteristics of HIV controllers and viremic untreated patients.

*<p>quantified with ultrasensitive test.</p

The whisker plots represent the distribution of Log₁₀ ADCC Ab titers among the viremic and the HIC patients, separated according to B57 status.

<p>The whisker plots represent the distribution of Log₁₀ ADCC Ab titers among the viremic and the HIC patients, separated according to B57 status.</p

Study flow diagram.

<p>ANRS: <i>Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le SIDA et les Hépatites Virales</i>, cART: antiretroviral therapy, CODEX: <i>Cohorte des Extrêmes</i> study, HICs: HIV controllers.</p

Predicted trajectories of mean √CD4 cell counts since HIV diagnosis according to blip status in the last five years of control (always ≤50 copies vs. blips within 50–400 and blips >400 copies/mL) (81 HIV controllers, 1668 CD4 measurements).

<p>Predicted trajectories of mean √CD4 cell counts since HIV diagnosis according to blip status in the last five years of control (always ≤50 copies vs. blips within 50–400 and blips >400 copies/mL) (81 HIV controllers, 1668 CD4 measurements).</p

Characteristics of the study population at enrollment into the cohort.

<p>Results are quoted as the median [IQR] or as a percentage. All comparisons were performed relative to the group of non-progressor HICs.</p><p>*: p<0.05</p><p>**: p<0.01</p><p>***: p<0.001</p><p>Characteristics of the study population at enrollment into the cohort.</p