The Legal Status of United States Involvement in the Camp David Peace Process

In one context or another, the turmoil in the Middle East has been tragic not only for the states in the region but for the prospects of world peace. Because of this, the United States has been both directly and indirectly involved in the crises that have erupted there from time to time. A major milestone was reached when, largely due to the personal efforts of President Carter, Egypt and Israel signed the Camp David agreements on September 17, 1978, in Washington, D.C. The United States played a key role in the execution of these agreements and consequential instruments. Indeed, it assumed sizable financial obligations to ensure the success of the goals of peace outlined in these agreements. It is possible to appreciate that role politically; moreover, the legal aspects of this matter require careful scrutiny, because it may not be immediately clear what obligations or rights the United States acquired under international law as a consequence of this involvement. This Article attempts to determine the legal status of the United States involvement in the process initiated at Camp David in 1978

COVID-19: A STIMULUS FOR RESHAPING THE WORLD ORDER

The rise and fall of great powers is a driving force of transition in international politics. The cycle of emergence and decline of superpowers continues as a principal source of evolution in the world order. The 20th century unveiled with Pax-Britannica as the axis of international politics, but some of the highly critical incidents allowed the US to entrench its global hegemony. Subsequently, at the twilight of the century, Pax-Americana transpired as the pivot of the global system. However, self-imposed hegemonic commitments, an obsession with manipulating the world system, and mania of supremacy embedded punitive challenges for Washington. The emerging powers eventually launched an enterprise to reshape the international system to multipolar world order, and the outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has further stimulated such undertakings. This devastating global challenge may warrant a capable and committed player to undertake the assignment of resurrecting the international system and ascertain itself as a dominant global power, and China could be the strongest candidate. This study, therefore, aims to explore the dynamics of future world order and the abysmal impacts of COVID-19 on its transformation. The exiting hegemon seeks to maintain the status quo, while the emerging powers are striving to reshape the global system towards multipolarity.   Bibliography Entry Farooq, Hassan, and Muhammad Khan. 2020. "Covid-19: A Stimulus for Reshaping the World Order." Margalla Papers 24 (2): 29-45

An Invariant Dual-beam Snowflake Antenna for Future 5G Communications

A broadband snowflake antenna for future 5G and millimeter-wave communications is presented. The proposed antenna has a size of 8 × 5 mm 2 . The antenna consists of a central hexagon surrounded by a series of symmetrically placed smaller hexagons around it, resulting in broadband characteristics. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna ranges from 25.284-29.252 GHz. The antenna has a gain of 3.12 dBi at 28 GHz and is more than 98% efficient. A distinct feature of the proposed antenna is its dual-beam radiation pattern. The two beams remain fixed at ±50° even if the frequency is varied with in its operating band. The proposed antenna is modelled on thin Rogers substrate which makes it very useful for future 5G smart phones