論述における談話構造および論理構造の解析

Tohoku University博士（情報科学）thesi

論述における談話構造および論理構造の解析

othe

Navigating Childhood Health: Unraveling the Tapestry of Anthropometric Indicators and Musculoskeletal Fitness in Elementary School Boys

Introduction: Childhood serves as the foundational bedrock shaping future health and well-being, with the musculoskeletal system playing a pivotal role in overall physical development. This study investigated the intricate relationship between anthropometric indicators and musculoskeletal fitness among boys aged 9-12 years, illuminating the nuances of this crucial developmental phase. Methods: A cohort of 100 boys from Wheaton International Schools underwent comprehensive anthropometric measurements, encompassing height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and skinfold assessments. Their musculoskeletal fitness was evaluated through diverse physical fitness tests, including Sit and Reach, Push-Up, Standing Long Jump, and Shuttle Run. Descriptive statistics were utilized to present the mean values and standard deviations of the collected anthropometric indicators, providing insights into the physical attributes and body composition of the boys. Subsequently, correlation analysis was performed between these anthropometric indicators and the physical fitness tests to understand their relationships. Results: Age showcased inverse relationships with flexibility and agility, while height emerged as a predominant influencer across all physical tests. BMI exhibited multifaceted impacts on various aspects of physical capabilities, shedding light on its potential implications for musculoskeletal health. The discussion extrapolates upon these correlations, elucidating age-related changes during adolescence, the profound influence of height on overall physical performance, and the intricate associations between body composition metrics and specific physical abilities. These insights foster a deeper understanding of childhood health and pave the way for targeted interventions in youth fitness programs. Conclusion: This study's revelations underscore the significance of anthropometric markers in assessing musculoskeletal fitness among elementary school boys, offering valuable insights into the interplay between physical attributes and functional capabilities. These findings lay the groundwork for informed strategies aimed at nurturing optimal musculoskeletal health in the formative years, thereby shaping healthier futures for the upcoming generation.Introducción: La infancia es la base fundamental que da forma a la salud y el bienestar futuros, y el sistema musculoesquelético desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo físico general. Este estudio investigó la intrincada relación entre los indicadores antropométricos y la aptitud musculoesquelética entre niños de 9 a 12 años, iluminando los matices de esta fase crucial del desarrollo. Métodos: Una cohorte de 100 niños de Wheaton International Schools se sometió a mediciones antropométricas integrales, que abarcaron altura, peso, IMC, circunferencia de la cintura, porcentaje de grasa corporal y evaluaciones de pliegues cutáneos. Su aptitud musculoesquelética se evaluó mediante diversas pruebas de aptitud física, incluidas Sit and Reach, Push-Up, Standing Long Jump y Shuttle Run. Se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas para presentar los valores medios y las desviaciones estándar de los indicadores antropométricos recopilados, proporcionando información sobre los atributos físicos y la composición corporal de los niños. Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis de correlación entre estos indicadores antropométricos y las pruebas de aptitud física para comprender sus relaciones. Resultados: La edad mostró relaciones inversas con la flexibilidad y la agilidad, mientras que la altura surgió como un factor de influencia predominante en todas las pruebas físicas. El IMC mostró impactos multifacéticos en varios aspectos de las capacidades físicas, arrojando luz sobre sus posibles implicaciones para la salud musculoesquelética. La discusión extrapola estas correlaciones, aclarando los cambios relacionados con la edad durante la adolescencia, la profunda influencia de la altura en el rendimiento físico general y las intrincadas asociaciones entre las métricas de composición corporal y las habilidades físicas específicas. Estos conocimientos fomentan una comprensión más profunda de la salud infantil y allanan el camino para intervenciones específicas en programas de acondicionamiento físico para jóvenes. Conclusión: Las revelaciones de este estudio subrayan la importancia de los marcadores antropométricos en la evaluación de la aptitud musculoesquelética entre niños de escuela primaria, ofreciendo información valiosa sobre la interacción entre los atributos físicos y las capacidades funcionales. Estos hallazgos sientan las bases para estrategias informadas destinadas a fomentar una salud musculoesquelética óptima en los años de formación, configurando así futuros más saludables para la próxima generación

Application and Mechanisms of Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF) for Phytostimulation

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) constitute diverse genera of nonpathogenic fungi that provide a variety of benefits to their host plants. PGPF show an effective role in sustainable agriculture. Meeting increasing demand for crop production without damage to the environment is the biggest challenge nowadays. The use of PGPF has been recognized as an environmentally friendly way of increasing crop production. These fungi have proven to increase crop yields by improving germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, root morphogenesis, photosynthesis, and flowering through either a direct or indirect mechanism. The mechanisms of PGPF involve solubilizing and mineralizing nutrients for easy uptake by plants, regulating hormonal balance, producing volatile organic compounds and microbial enzyme, suppressing plant pathogens and ameliorating abiotic stresses. Successful colonization is an intrinsic factor for most PGPF to exert their beneficial effects on plants. A certain level of specificity exists in the interactions between plant species and PGPF for root colonization and growth promoting effects. There is a gap between the number of reported efficacious PGPF and the number of PGPF as biofertilizer. Efforts should be strengthened to improve the efficacy and commercialization of PGPF. Hence, this chapter summarizes valuable information regarding the application and mechanisms of PGPF in sustainable agriculture

Role of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone in the management of late intrauterine fetal death

Background: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) occurs in 1% of pregnancies and has devastating consequences. Previous methods for inducing labor in IUFD involved oxytocin and prostaglandins. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is commonly used for early first-trimester termination. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mifepristone and misoprostol combination versus misoprostol alone for labor induction in intrauterine fetal death. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2017 to June 2017. Sixty-four pregnant women with intrauterine fetal death after 28 weeks of gestation were included. Participants were randomly assigned to either group-I (mifepristone and misoprostol) or group-II (misoprostol alone). Statistical analyses were performed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows. Results: The mean age was 27.7±5.6 years in group I and 27.5±4.3 years in group II. Majority of patients in group I were housewives (87.5%), while in group II, it was 78.1%. Most patients in group I (56.3%) came from lower-income families, compared to 65.6% in group II. The gestational age did not significantly differ between the groups. The induction to delivery interval was significantly shorter in group I (8.6±2.0 hours) compared to group II (15.1±3.5 hours). The dose administration pattern of misoprostol differed significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Both methods are equally safe and effective for managing intrauterine fetal death. However, the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol showed greater efficacy in terms of reducing the induction to delivery interval and requiring a lower dose of misoprostol

Risk factors of mortality in hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children around the world. It is critical to identify the factors that contribute to mortality to reduce SAM related mortality. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of mortality in hospitalized children with SAM. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the SAM unit, department of pediatrics, institute of child and mother health, Matuail-1362, Dhaka, from January 2021 to December 2021. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. Univariate analysis was done to determine factors affecting mortality, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant independent risk factors. Results: Mean age of the study subject was 6.38±3.45 months and 10.90±10.00 months in the case and control groups respectively. So, death was more common in younger children. The percentage of death was more (61.5% vs 54.6%) in males. Mortality was more common in family income <10,000 Tk/ month, 53.8% in the case group and 21.9% in the control group. The mean age of the mother was 19.23±0.60 years and 21.78±4.78 years in the death and survived group. Among risk factors of mortality, dermatosis (46.2% vs 4.9%), oral ulcer (46.2% vs 5.5%), hypoglycemia (46.2% vs 3.8%), severe anemia (38.5% vs 2.2%), septicemia (76.9% vs 29.5%) in case and control group respectively. These risk factors were significantly higher in the death group compared to the surviving group. After doing multivariate logistic regression analysis it was observed that hypoglycemia (OR=9.17 with 95% CI 1.44 to 58.29) and severe anemia (OR=13.42 with 95% CI 1.42 to 126.13) were the strongest predictors of mortality among the hospitalized children with SAM. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia and severe anemia were the main contributing factors of mortal among the children with SAM in the hospital

Teach Me How to Improve My Argumentation Skills: A Survey on Feedback in Argumentation

The use of argumentation in education has been shown to improve critical thinking skills for end-users such as students, and computational models for argumentation have been developed to assist in this process. Although these models are useful for evaluating the quality of an argument, they oftentimes cannot explain why a particular argument is considered poor or not, which makes it difficult to provide constructive feedback to users to strengthen their critical thinking skills. In this survey, we aim to explore the different dimensions of feedback (Richness, Visualization, Interactivity, and Personalization) provided by the current computational models for argumentation, and the possibility of enhancing the power of explanations of such models, ultimately helping learners improve their critical thinking skills.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Preclinical HbA1c level studies of makaradhwaja and siddha makaradhwaja after chronic administration to male Sprague-Dawley rats

Background: Makaradhwaja (MD) and Siddha Makaradhwaja (SMD) are Ayurvedic preparations used as traditional medicines for different clinical indications in the rural population. Principle purpose of using MD is controlling hypotension and while SMD is useful in peripheral circulatory failure treatment. In this study we evaluate the influence of these preparations on HbA1c (%) level.Methods: To find out the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged period of time, MD and SMD were administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of MD and SMD the following changes were noted and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was determined.Results: The results of the study of in vitro quantitative determination of rat HbA1c concentrations in serum studies, MD demonstrated a negligible (0.61%) decrease in the HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat (p=0.902). Whereas SMD demonstrated a negligible (1.83%) increase in the HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat (p=0.782).Conclusions: Between these preparation MD slightly decreases HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat, whereas SMD found in increasing HbA1c level of the blood of the male rat

Associated Injuries in Patients with Maxillofacial Trauma at Dhaka Dental College Hospital by Motorcycle Accident

Background: Facial skeleton injuries are common in emergency departments and can cause physical and psychological distress. The mandible is the most commonly fractured site, followed by the maxillae, zygomatic bone, and nasal bone. Tooth injuries are also common. Although rarely fatal, these injuries may be associated with life-threatening conditions in other parts of the body. Objective: To assess the other bony and soft tissue injuries along with facial bone fracture Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital. Main outcome variable were age, sex, site, etiology, bony and soft tissue injury over the skin. Thirty patients with maxillofacial trauma who were attended to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were selected for the study. Study Period: 10 January 2019 to 15 July 2019 Results: Majority of the patients were in the 2nd to 4th decade (80%) with a male to female ratio of 6.5:1. The motorcycle accident occurred with pavement 9 (30.0%) followed by 20% with truck, 5 (16.7%) with bus, 13.3% with motorcycle, 10% accident with pedestrian and 6.7% with autorickshaw. Mandible was the most commonly fractured facial bone (36.67%), followed by midface fracture (20.0%), Lefort-II (16.7%) and Lefort-III (13.3%). Closed head injury such as scalp injury were more 19 (63.3%) then linear fracture 7 (23.3%) and depressed fracture of temporal bone. A total of 23 (76.7%) patients were wearing a helmet at the time of the accident and rest of 7 (23.3%) had no helmet. The soft tissue injuries were significantly more in non-helmeted subjects (p< 0.05). Non-helmet subjects sustained more injuries as compared to helmeted subjects. The injuries were significantly more in non-helmet motorcyclists Conclusion: The study found that males aged 21-40 were most commonly injured in motorcycle accidents, with motorcycle riders and rideshare businessmen being the largest groups of victims. Midface fractures were the most common facial injury and were significantly associated with helmet use. Protective gear was found to be low among motorcycle riders, particularly passengers, impacting the severity of injuries sustained