Is parent-child interaction therapy effective on aggression and biological indices in pre-school children with parents who use high-potency cannabis? A double-blind randomized controlled trial study in an Iranian sample

BACKGROUND: Improving interpersonal interactions between parents and the child can indirectly reduce the extrapolation behavioral problems, including aggression in children.METHODS: Among parents who used high-potency cannabis (marijuana or ‘gol’ as it is called in Iran) and lived in Tehran, Iran, sixty four caregivers and an Iranian child were selected through respondent-driven sampling and studied in the form of a double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) (TCTR20180804001) with repeated measurements method and a 6-month follow-up. The changes in the aggression and cortisol levels were repeatedly evaluated during 12 weeks of interactive treatment and analyzed by Monte Carlo test, repeated measures correlation (rmcorr), and generalized estimating equation (GEE) via SPSS software. Statistical significance was accepted on the level of P < 0.010.RESULTS: 12 weeks of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) had a significant effect on the reduction of aggression and the salivary cortisol level in children (P < 0.010). However, the results did not remain stable till the 6-month follow-up stage (P = 0.067). Also, results revealed a significant relationship between aggression index and the level of cortisol (P < 0.010).CONCLUSION: Since the core of the damage resulted from illicit drug abuse is reflected in interactive activities, improving social interactions can be considered as the key to the treatment of addiction

The Relationship between Job Satisfaction with Burnout and Conflict Management Styles in Employees

Background and Objective: The organizations are obligated to take sufficient attention to human resources in order to attain greater efficiency and ultimately achieve their goals. Considering the importance of desirable behavior in organizations and its impact on the attitudes and perceptions of employees, it is necessary to pay special attention to the treatment of staff and their needs. The present study was prepared to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and conflict management styles and job burnout among health care employees in north Tehran.Materials and Methods: The study was done descriptive-analytical among employees with at least 6 months of experience and with a sample size of 224 patients at the health center. Data collection tools consisted job satisfaction, job burnout and conflict management questionnaires. SPSS software was used for data analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test was used for independent groups.Results: The result indicates positive and significant relationship between job satisfactions with solution-oriented styles, job satisfaction has a negative and significant relationship with control strategy. Non confrontational strategy has not significant relationship with job satisfaction. Also, all of the components of job burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) have a significant negative correlation with job satisfaction, and solution-oriented strategy has a negative significant correlation with emotional exhaustion.Conclusion: According to the correlation of job satisfaction with burnout, control strategy and solution-oriented styles, managers can use efficient methods such as pay and benefits commensurate with ability and experience, training and professional improvement, freedom of action, the division of labor based on merit and ability, etc. affect their behavior and increase their efficiency and effectiveness in order to further the organizational goals.</p

The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment with Job Satisfaction in Employees of Northern Tehran Health Care Center

Background and Objective: Today, the organizations are obligated to take sufficient attention to human resources in order to attain greater efficiency and ultimately achieve their goals. Considering the importance of desirable behavior in organizations and its impact on the attitudes and perceptions of employees, it is necessary to pay special attention to the treatment of staff and their needs. The present study was prepared to investigate the relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment and job satisfaction among health care employees in north Tehran.Materials and Methods: The study was done descriptive-analytical among employees with at least 6 months of experience and with a sample size of 259 patients at the health center. Data collection tools consisted job satisfaction, organizational justice and organizational commitment questionnaires. SPSS software was used for data analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient and T-test was used for independent groups and regression.Results: The mean (SD) of Job satisfaction in employees was 50.1 (12.3), perceived organizational justice was 66.4 (1.17) and organizational commitment was 61.3 (5.7), out of 100. The result value of the correlation coefficient indicates positive and significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment with job satisfaction. Also, components of affective commitment and normative commitment has a significant relationship with job satisfaction, and all of the components of organizational justice (distributive justice, procedural justice, interactional justice) have a significant positive correlation with job satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that organizational justice and organizational commitment are able to predict job satisfaction of the employees. But the components of procedural justice and distributive justice were not able to predict job satisfaction, and job satisfaction can be predicted only through interactional justice. Affective commitment and normative commitment were able to predict job satisfaction as well, and continuous commitment component is not able to predict job satisfaction.Conclusion: According to the correlation of organizational justice and organizational commitment with job satisfaction, managers can use efficient methods such as effective management, freedom of action, motivation and self-care, in-service training, the division of labor based on merit and ability, etc. to increase commitment, job satisfaction and justice perceptions of the employees, affect their behavior and increase their efficiency and effectiveness in order to further the organizational goals

The Relationship between Manager’ Leadership Style with Job Satisfaction and Burnout in Staff of Shomal Health Center of Tehran

Background and Objective: Leadership style or behavior is an effective factor in employee performance. The purpose of the study was to determine heads' leadership style and its relationship with job satisfaction and burnout in staff of Shomal health center of Tehran.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 207 subjects, including 16 heads and 191 health care staff of Shomal health center of Tehran participated. Data were collected using three questionnaires (leadership style, job satisfaction and burnout questionnaires). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-18 software. Descriptive and analytic methods such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test were used for analysis.Results: In this study 85.9% of heads of health centers use consideration leadership style. Overall job satisfaction of staff score was 50.1 (from 100), 48.6 in women and 55.1 in men. Managers’ leadership style had direct and significant relationship with job satisfaction of employees (P&lt;0.001).17.3% of staff had average job burnout and 2.6% of them had high job burnout. Average job burnout in men and women were 32.5 and 37.5, respectively. Managers' leadership style had significantly inverse relationship with job burnout in staff (P&lt;0.001).              Conclusion: Selecting leadership style according to the working conditions and attention to modern management methods can lead to increased job satisfaction. </p

The Comparison of Brain Cognition Function between Active and Inactive Elderlies Male in Nursing Home (A Case-control Study in Tehran)

Background and Objectives: Elderly is challenging period of lifespan. Old people need more care during this time and paying attention to their needs is a social responsibility. Insuffiiency in their cognitive function of the brain is as common problems in this living period. Therefore, the aim of current research is to determine the difference between active and inactive elderly in the cognitive function of the brain. Material and Methods: The current study is Ex-post with causal-comparative design. The population of the study was included all active and inactive elderly nursing home residents in the 6th district of Tehran that 60 active and 60 inactive elderly with voluntary sampling method were selected. The research instruments were Sharkey Physical Activity Index and Mini Mental State Examination. Statistical analysis conducted by independent t test and SPSS-22. Results: The mean (SD) of the cognitive function score in two groups of active and inactive elderly was respectively 21.7 (3), 10.2 (1.8) (P<0.001) and orientation, memory 12.4 (2.3), 10.9 (2.2) (P<0.001), attention and focus 3.4 (1.4), 2.9 (1.1) (P=0.35), assessment of language ability 5.9 (1.8), 4.6 (1.7) (P<0.001) and visualspatial abilities 0.8 (0.4), 0.6 (0.5) (P=0.004). Conclusion: The study showed that physical activity was effective in cognitive function of elderly. Hence, this method could be considered by counselors and mental health professionals in nursing homes and retirement centers, as a treatment approach to existing therapies

The Impact of Education on Nutritional Behavior Change among Clients of Sardar- Jangal Health Center in 2012

Background and Objective: Nutrition is one of the effective factors in the protection of health and the prevention of disease. Therefore, determination of the relationship between nutrition choices and health of people is emphasized. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of education and nutrition consultation on changing the unhealthy nutritional habits, and improving healthy nutrition behavior among the clients of Sardar-Jangal health center in 2012.    Materials and Methods: This interventional study was performed with the participation clients of Sardar Jangal health center in 2012. The sample size was 1500 and the sampling method was census. Data was gathered through a questionnaire and interview.The questionnaire included information regarding age, sex, education, employment and nutritional status. The scores between 9-11, 5-8 and less than 5, respectively, were considered as favorable, relatively favorable and unfavorable nutritional status. The participants with relatively favorable and unfavorable status were referred to nutrition education and consultation classes. At the end of the consultation classes, their nutritional status were assessed again. The data was analyzed through SPSS 21, using T-Test.Results: In the study, 1500 clients of Sardar Jangal health center participated. The sample included 383 (25.6%) male and 1117 (74.4%) female. The mean age of male and female was 38.3±21.1 and 36.9±17.4 respectively. Before participating in the nutrition education and consultation classes, the nutrition status of 343(30.7%) of females was favorable whilst for 775 (69.3%), the nutritional status was unfavorable. Among 114 (29.8%) of males it was favorable and amongst 268 (70.2%) it was unfavorable. Between the mentioned clients, the nutrition status of 144 (20.1%) females and 28 (12.7%) males improved after nutritional consultation (P &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: The results showed nutritional education and consultation are effective in improving the nutritional behavior and modifying the incorrect nutritional behavior.Keywords: Nutrition, Education, Behavior change, Nutrition consultation, Nutritional status </p

The relationships of spiritual health, pregnancy worries and stress and perceived social support with childbirth fear and experience: A path analysis.

BackgroundGiven maternal health is a major health indicator, the present research aimed at determining the causal relationships of spiritual health, worries, stress and perceived social support with the fear and experience of childbirth in pregnant women.MethodsThe present longitudinal prospective research recruited 352 pregnant women presenting to selected health centers in Qazvin, Iran in 2021. The data were collected using the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire-2 (CEQ-2), the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Persian version of the Pregnancy Worries and Stress Questionnaire (PWSQ), the Spiritual Health Questionnaire, the Socioeconomic Status (SES) questionnaire and a sociodemographic checklist, and were analyzed in SPSS-25 and Lisrel-8.8.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 28.1±6.8 years. According to the results of the path analysis, among the variables related to fear of childbirth, childbirth experience (B = -0.37, CI:-0.44;-0.22) in the direct path and perceived social support (B = -0.51, CI:-0.58;-0.43) in both direct and indirect paths demonstrated the most significant negative relationship. Among the variables related to childbirth experience, pregnancy worries and stress had a negative causal relationship (B = -0.06, CI:-0.079;-0.043) in the direct path, spiritual health showed the highest significant positive relationship (B = 0.01, CI: 0.008; 0.012) in the indirect path, and perceived social support (B = 0.112, CI: 0.092; 0.131) and the number of children (B = 0.32,CI: 0.30; 0.34) demonstrated the highest significant positive relationship in both direct and indirect paths. In other words, childbirth experience becomes more desirable as spiritual health, social support, and the number of children increases, and it becomes less desirable as pregnancy worries and stress rise.ConclusionAccording to the present findings, various psychological, social, and spiritual factors are associated with childbirth fear and experience. It is thus necessary to utilize appropriate methods and promote training and support to reduce the adverse outcomes of childbirth

Full empirical path model between health anxiety, COVID-19 phobia, and social relationsaccording to T-value.

(T-value>1.96 is considered as significant). AGE: Age, PN: Partner number, CN: Child number, HA: Health anxiety, HIVY = HIV duration (year), SES: Socioeconomic status; EDU: Education, SR: Social relations; CPH: COVID-19 phobia.</p