Figure 3

<p>STARD flow diagram of the evaluation study in Vietnam.</p

Figure 2

<p>Two dipsticks showing typical negative and positive results after being kept for 15 min in diarrhoea stool samples.</p

Figure 1

<p>Structure of the repeating unit of the O-Ag of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> serotype 2a.</p

Detection of <i>S. flexneri</i> 2a in 191 fresh stool samples by dipstick test versus conventional culture.

<p>Detection of <i>S. flexneri</i> 2a in 191 fresh stool samples by dipstick test versus conventional culture.</p

Comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests on randomly-selected serum samples.

<p>NA: Not Applicable.</p>*<p>LR+: Positive Likelihood Ratio – [95% CI].</p>†<p>LR−: Negative Likelihood Ratio – [95% CI].</p>‡<p>DOR: Diagnostic Odds Ratio – [95% CI].</p><p>Sensitivity (%), number of positive rapid diagnostic test among patients with serological evidence (MAT) of leptospirosis (n = 72) – [95% CI].</p><p>Specificity (%), negative rapid diagnostic test among serum samples from patients with no serological evidence (MAT) of leptospirosis (n = 72) – [95% CI].</p

Performance of the IgM RDT assay on laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis and controls.

<p>Performance of the IgM RDT assay on laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis and controls.</p

Positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of the Vertical Flow Rapid Diagnostic Test.

<p>Values calculated using 187 positive and 221 negative serum specimens.</p

Comparative predictive values of the Rapid Diagnostic Test and of a commercial test.

<p>Positive and negative predictive values for the diagnosis of leptospirosis using the IgM Rapid Diagnostic Test evaluated in this study and a commercial lateral flow IgM assay were calculated using 72 positive and 72 negative serum specimens randomly selected from New Caledonian specimens.</p

Comparative kinetics of antibody detection using MAT and RDT.

*<p>D0 is the day of onset of symptoms as declared by the patient.</p

Predictive values (PV) for <i>Shigella dysenteriae</i> 1 diagnosis.

<p>Positive PV is represented by the red line and negative PV by the blue line.</p