Sjuksköteskors bemötande av kvinnor som har utsatts för våld i nära relationer

Kvinnomisshandel är ett vanligt förekommande problem. I svenska studier har man funnit att 46 % av de tillfrågade kvinnorna har utsatts för våld efter sin 15- årsdag. De kvinnor som misshandlas söker ofta sjukvård och de är då i ett sårbart tillstånd med stort behov av ett respektfullt och stödjande omhändertagande. Denna litteraturstudie behandlar sjuksköterskans möte med kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relationer, vilka hinder de möter och vad som skulle behövas för att bättre kunna bistå kvinnorna. Resultatet visade att sjuksköteskor upplever att det finns flera barriärer för att undersöka och ställa frågor till kvinnor som misstänks ha utsatts för våld i nära relationer. Deras erfarenhet är att screening skulle kunde underlätta vid identifieringen och det skulle till viss del även ta bort vissa barriärer

Intestinal Parasites in Children with Lymphohematopoietic Malignancy in Iran, Mashhad

Background: Intestinal parasitic disease can cause serious complications for Immunosuppressed patients. Objectives: This study determines the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children, with lymphohematopoietic malignancy in Mashhad, Iran. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study stool samples were collected from 89 children (53 boys, 36 girls) with lymphohematopoitic malignancies under chemotherapy, between the age of 1 and 18 years (mean age 7.5 years). Three fresh stool samples taken for three consecutive days were examined by direct smear, formalin-ether method, trichrome staining and ELISA test for Giardia lamblia coproantigens. Results: In this study 35.9% of our patients had parasitic infections and the following parasites were identified; G. lamblia (the most prevalent parasite in children) 16 (18%), Entamoeba coli 6 (6.7%) Blastocystis hominis 5 (5.6%) Iodamoeba butschlii 2 (2.2%). Chilomastics mesnili 1 (1.1%), Hymenolepis nana 1 (1.1%) and Enterobius vermicularis 1 (1.1%). Conclusions: With regards to the high incidence of gasterointestinal parasitic diseases and also because of asymptomatic cases of giardiasis, we recommend evaluation of pediatric patients with malignant lymphohematopoitic disease by at least two different diagnostic methods and three rounds of stool examination in order to prevent possible life threatening outcomes. Coproparasitoscopic study for oncologic patients should be performed and anti-parasitic treatment provided before starting chemotherapy to prevent disseminated parasitic infections. The coproantigen-ELISA is especially advantageous in situations where only a single stool sample can be examined

Genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus Isolates from Human in Khorasan Province, North-Eastern Iran

Background: Human hydatidosis is endemic in northeastern Iran. The present study aimed to investigate molecular diversity of Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from human surgically. Methods: Sixty human hydatid cysts (58 lung cysts and 2 liver cysts) were collected through surgery from Ghaem and Emam Reza hospitals in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences during 2015-2016. Cysts were characterized using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene and sequencing fragments of the genes coding for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1). Results: Overall, 55 out of 60 Echinococcus granulosus cysts (91.6%) were determined as the G1 strain, 4 cases (6.6%) were determined as the G6 strain and 1 sample was not identified. Conclusion: Although sheep strain (G1) is dominated in human patients in Great Khorasan, the prevention of camel-dog cycle should pay attention in this region

The Study of Lophomonas Blattarum Infection in Children with Respiratory Symptoms: A Descriptive Clinical Study in North East of Iran

Background: Lophomonas blattarum is protozoan generally parasitizes in the intestinal tracts of some arthropods. It can infect adults and children with unspecific respiratory symptoms. We aimed to investigate the frequency of Lophomonas blattarum in children with respiratory symptoms in North East of Iran. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-six children with respiratory symptoms were investigated in a descriptive-analytical study using Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) according to enumeration method in March 2016 to March 2017.Data was collected via a check list, prospectively. All had Bronchoscopy and chest X-ray. The data were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: Of the 156 studied children,40.4% (n=63) of patients with the average age of 5.11±2.9 years were positive for L. blattarum infection. In positive cases, 42.9% (n=27) were male. There was a significant relationship between gender and Lophomonas infection (p=0.0006). The most common respiratory symptoms were cough, fever, wheeze and tachypnea. Radiography of infected patients showed pulmonary infiltration (16.7%), unilateral lung hyperinflation (23.1%), consolidation (19.9%), and lung collapse (14.7%). Underlying diseases were detected in 4 infected patients. Bronchoscopy showed abnormal results in 22 patients (14.1%). Most common abnormalities were in order: mucus plaque (22.7%), left bronchomalacia (18.2%), left bronchial stenosis (18.2%) and foreign body aspiration (13.6%). Conclusion: Generally, 40.4% of children with respiratory symptoms were positive for L. blattarum infection. It is suggested to consider L. blattarum as a cause of pulmonary infections in patients with pulmonary symptoms

Changes in the Epidemiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Iran.

The province of Khorasan-Razavi in the North East of Iran is an endemic area for anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL caused mainly by Leishmania tropica) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL caused mainly by Leishmania major). Based on clinical signs, some cities were considered as ACL foci while others were considered to be endemic for ZCL. This paper reviews studies performed on patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) via the use of direct slide examination, ELISA, electrophoresis isoenzyme, RAPD PCR and PCR in Mashhad; the study also includes cases of CL in other cities of the Khorasan-Razavi province where only PCR used as a diagnostic tool. The data show that both Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major caused CL in most of the cities investigated. Our review shows that Leishmania major was found in areas where ACL is prevalent and Leishmania tropica was observed in areas with high incidence of ZCL. This distribution represents a major change in the epidemiological pattern of Leishmania in the Khorasan-Razavi province

A Case of Secondary Ophthalmomyiasis Caused by Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Myiasis is the invasion of vertebrates' tissue by the larvae of a fly of the order Diptera. The objective of this paper is to present a rare case of secondary myiasis of ocular infestation by Chrysomya bezziana. A 55-year-old female from Sar village of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran), referred to Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital of Mashhad with extensive destruction of left orbital cavity. Existence of larvae was the major complaint in recent months. Some live larvae were removed from her destructed left eye. Primary diagnosis was myiasis of left upper lid (LUL) and suspected recurrent Basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The laboratory diagnosis was done in parasitology lab of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad and collected larvae were identified and confirmed to be larvae of the C. bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae). It is a case report of secondary ophtalmiomyiasis due to C. bezziana of a patient lives in Mazandaran Province

A Case Report of Muscle Hydatidosis from Iran

  Hydatid cyst is an important endemic zoonosis in Iran. It may be seen in various organs of body. Musculoskeletal system is rarely involved by hydatid cyst, the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. On clinical basis, it may resemble any soft tissue tu-mor. A 70-years old housewife living in Ardoghesh, a village in Neyshabur, north-east Iran, was admitted to general surgery clinic because of a painless mass in the back of her left thigh. This case emphasizes that hydatidosis should be included in differential diagnosis of any soft tissue mass especially in regions where hydatidosis is endemic

First Case Report of Sinusitis with Lophomonas blattarum from Iran

Introduction. Lophomonas blattarum is a rare cause of bronchopulmonary and sinus infection. This paper presents a rare case of Lophomonas sinusitis. Case Presentation. The patient was a 31-year-old woman who was admitted because of a history of upper respiratory infection and sinusitis. Direct microscopic examination of the sputum and nasal discharge showed large numbers of living Lophomonas blattarum with irregular movement of flagella. The patient was successfully treated by Metronidazole 750 mg t.i.d. for 30 days. Conclusions. This is the first case report of Lophomonas blattarum sinusitis from Iran

Human Hydatidosis/Echinococosis in North Eastern Iran from 2003-2012

Background: Human cystic echinococcosis (hydatidosis) continues to be an essen­tial cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. Methods: We studied hydatid cyst pattern in hospitalized adult patients from 2003 to 2012 in Mashhad and Neyshabour, northeast of Iran. Results: Overall, 1342 patients, 711 females (53%) and 631 males (47%) diag­nosed as infected with hydatid cyst were evaluated. Their age was between 1 and 91 yr (mean age 37.75). The most affected age group was 20-30 yr old. Totally, 953 cases (71%) were urban and 375 cases (27.8%) were rural residents. The most com­mon localization of cysts was the liver and lung. The housewives were the most frequently infected occupations. Conclusion: The rate of infection with hydatid cyst is high in Mashhad, northeast of Iran, and the incidence of human hydatidosis tends to increase in recent years so control and prevention programs are recommended