Estudo morfométrico das fibras do músculo bíceps braquial de ratos submetidos ao exercício de natação aliado ao uso conjugado de dois hormônios esteróides anabolizantes.

The use of anabolic steroids increases mainly: the power, acceleration and muscle explosion. The research aimed to quantify and compare the development in the two types of muscle fibers (type I and type II) of the brachial biceps muscle in sedentary and trained rats, underwent a supratherapeutic dose of two simultaneous anabolic steroids. To this end, we used 40 rats were divided into four groups, namely: sedentary, sedentary anabolic , trained and trained anabolic. The training was swimming, 1 hour per day, 6 times a week for 9 weeks. The anabolic steroids used were the stanozolol (50 mg / ml) and of nandrolone decanoate (50 mg / ml). The therapeutic dose equivalent proportion to the dosage indicated on the package leaflet for an adult of 70 kg. After the period of training the rats were sacrificed and brachial biceps muscle collected, criofixado in liquid nitrogen, cut into cryostat and stained with HE and the reaction to histochemical NADH-TR. The extent of the cross section area of muscle, the three experimental groups, showed no statistical difference when compared to sedentary control group. The fibers showed that small size and intense dark blue color were the Type I and ranged from 399 µm2 to 2427 μm2, which showed the size and color, were the clear blue Type IIb, and the size varied from 943 µm2 to 5787µm2. Another contingent of fibers that had size and coloring agent were type IIa μm2 ranging from 705 to 4351 µm2. We conclude that the reaction of muscle to exercise and the use of a hormone anabolizing, even at supra-physiological dose, was nil, since there was no increase in the size of the fibers as was expected. The adaptation of muscle to the experimental protocol was not evidenced by the increase in the size of fiber, but by biochemical changes that do not translate by the hypertrophy, as the type of exercise performed is not the most conducive to such stimuli.O uso de esteróides anabólicos eleva principalmente: a força, a aceleração e a explosão muscular. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar e comparar o desenvolvimento nos dois tipos de fibras musculares (tipo I e tipo II) do músculo bíceps braquial de ratos sedentários e treinados, submetidos a uma dosagem supraterapêutica de dois esteróides anabólicos simultâneos. Para tal, utilizamos 40 ratos Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos, a saber: Sedentário, Sedentário Anabolizados, Treinados e Treinados Anabolizados. O treinamento foi de natação, 1 hora por dia, 6 vezes por semana, durante 9 semanas. Os anabolizantes utilizados foram o Estanozolol (50 mg/ml) e o Decanoato de Nandrolona (50 mg/ml). A dosagem terapêutica equivale proporcionalmente à posologia indicada na bula do medicamento para um indivíduo adulto de 70 kg. Após o período de treinamento os ratos foram sacrificados e o músculo bíceps braquial colhido, criofixado em nitrogênio líquido, cortado em criostato e corado com HE e pela reação histoquímica NADH-TR. A medida da área da secção transversa do músculo, nos três grupos experimentais, não apresentou diferença estatística quando comparados ao grupo controle sedentário. As fibras que apresentaram tamanho pequeno e coloração azul escura intensa eram do Tipo I e variaram de 399 µm2 a 2427 µm2, as que apresentaram tamanho grande e coloração, azul clara eram do Tipo IIb, tendo o tamanho variado de 943 µm2 a 5787 µm2. Outro contingente de fibras que tinham tamanhos e coloração intermediária eram do tipo II a variando entre 705 µm2 a 4351 µm2. Concluímos que a reação do músculo ao exercício e ao uso de um hormônio anabolizante, mesmo que em dose supra-fisiológica, foi nula, já que não houve aumento do tamanho das fibras como era esperado. A adaptação deste músculo ao protocolo experimental não se evidenciou pelo aumento do tamanho da fibra e sim por adaptações bioquímicas que não se traduzem pela hipertrofia, já que o tipo de exercício executado não é o estímulo mais propício para tal

Effect of cadence to determine critical power using non- exhaustive protocol in cycle ergometer

In cycling the exercise power (w) is a product of cadence (rpm) and kilopounds (kp). The purpose of this study was to check the pedaling frequency influence on critical power (CP) determined using non-exhaustive aerobic capacity test (Chassain, 1986). Adult men (n=2) were submitted to four powers (100, 120, 130 and 150 w) in two different cadences (40 and 70 rpm) in cycloergometer (Monark 894 E). Two exercise bouts lasting 180 seconds by 90 seconds of interval were performed at an equal intensity. For each intensity, delta heart rate (ΔHR) was determined by subtraction of the maximum heart rate (MHR) at the end of the first effort from the MHR at the end of the second effort (ΔHR= MHR 2 – MHR 1). Individual linear interpolation of ΔHR enabled determination of a null Δ equivalent to the CP. The mean value of CP at 70 rpm was 83.8 ± 22.5 W while the CP at 40 rpm was 100.2 ± 8.4 Watts. The mean value of CP at 40 rpm was 17% higher than at 70 rpm. The cadence can be decisive to determine the CP using non-exhaustive protocol

Influence of the pedaling cadence in determining the critical power in the cycloergometer

The objective of this study was to determine the critical power (PCrit) using intensities of 230, 250, 270 and 300 Watts (W) under different speeds ranging from pedaling (60 and 80 rotations per minute - rpm). Two young adults, male, healthy and active, with an average age 22 years were selected. The test was conducted in cycle model Monark® ergomedic 894 E. The depth charges were chosen randomly, changing the relationship load and speed from the cadence. The exhaustion criterion was the voluntary withdrawal or failure to maintain the speed for 5 seconds. To determine the PCrit and anaerobic work capacity (CTA) the linear model of power 1/tempo x exhaustion was used. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of the mean. The t Student test for independent samples for comparison PCrit CTA and the cadences of 60 and 80 rpm was used. During the tests the heart rate (bpm) every 15 seconds was recorded. The results of PCrit to 60 rpm (Pcrit60rpm) and PCrit at 80 rpm (Pcrit80rpm) were not statistically different (Pcrit60rpm=208.1±12.0 W and Pcrit80rpm=165.5±33.2 W). The average Pcrit60rpm was 25% higher than Pcrit80rpm. The absolute values of CTA were not different (CTA60rpm=10316.6±3766.7, CTA80rpm=15996.5±5247.4). The CTA80rpm was 55% higher compared to CTA60rpm. Thus, one can conclude that the cadence of pedaling at 60 rpm and 80 did not statistically influence the values of PCrit and CAT. However, the percentage of Pcrit80rpm was significantly below Pcrit60rpm

Nível de desenvolvimento motor em crianças do Ensino Fundamental I da Paraíba

Desenvolvimento motor é interpretado como o processo de mudanças que ocorrem no comportamento motor ao longo do ciclo de vida e é caracterizado por mudanças qualitativas, envolvendo as necessidades biológicas subjacentes as ambientais e ocupacionais, que influenciam o desempenho motor e as habilidades motoras dos indivíduos. O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar e descrever o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças, em idade do Ensino Fundamental I, no Estado da Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 410 crianças distribuídas nas quatro regiões paraibanas (Mata, Borborema, Sertão e Agreste), sendo 209 meninos e 201 meninas, na faixa etária de 6 a 10 anos. A obtenção dos dados ocorreu na própria escola que a criança estudava, tendo sido as crianças filmadas realizando as habilidades motoras dos subtestes locomotor e controle de objeto do TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000). Após a filmagem, a análise dos dados foi feita por três avaliadores devidamente treinados. Os valores brutos referentes ao subteste locomotor realizado em regiões e grupos etários foram diferentes entre os grupos etários, F(4,390)=52,61, p0,001, e interação entre grupos etários e regiões, F(12,390)=2,41, p>0,01. No controle de objetos, foi observada diferença entre os grupos etários, F(4,390)=58,26, p0,001, e interação entre os grupos etários e as regiões, F(12,390)=4,07, p0.05, e interação entre os grupos etários e os gêneros, F(4,400)=1,57, p>0.05. No controle de objetos...Motor development can be understood as a process or as a product. As a process, it is characterized by qualitative changes, influenced by underlying biological needs, environmental and occupational factors that influence motor performance and motor skills of individuals. The goal of this study was to describe the development of fundamental motor skills of children, in Elementary School age, in the state of Paraiba. The sample consisted of 410 children divided into four regions of the state of Paraiba (Mata, Borborema, Sertão, and Agreste), with 209 boys and 201 girls, aging from 6 to 10 years. The data collection occurred at school in which children were enrolled, with the children filmed performing motor skills of the locomotor and object control subtests of the TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000). After the video recording, data analysis was performed by three trained raters. Raw scores of the locomotor subtest compared among regions and age groups were different among age groups, F(4,390)=52.61, p0.001, and interaction between age groups and regions, F(12,390)=2.41, p> 0.01. Regarding the object control, differences were observed among age groups, F(4,390)=58.26, p0.001, and interaction between age groups and regions, F(12,390)=4.07, p0.05, and interaction between age groups and gender, F(4,400)=1.57, p>0.05. Differently, differences were observed for the object control values among age groups, F(4,400)=71.51, p<0.001, between genders, F(1,400)=8,82, p<0,005. The results indicate that the development of fundamental... (Complete abstract click electronic access below