Azo-Hydrazone Tautomerism and Antimicrobial activity of New substituted Imidazolines and Perimidines

Two new series of 2-{1-[(substitutedphenyl)-hydrazono]-2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethyl}-5,5-diphenyl-3,5-dihydro-imidazol-4-one  and  (1H-Perimidin-2-yl)-[(substitutedphenyl)-hydrazono]-acetic acid ethyl ester were prepared by coupling the diazonium salt of aniline and its derivatives with 2-(2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethylidene)-5,5-diphenyl-imidazolidin-4-one or ethyl 3-dimethylamino-2-(1H-perimidin-2-yl)-propenoate in ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral (IR, 1H NMR, mass) spectra , and X-ray crystallographic and elemental analyses. Also, the azo-hydrazone tautomerism of these compounds was discussed. In addition, all the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity and the results obtained indicated that some of these compounds exhibited excellent activity

Exocyclic enaminones as building blocks for synthesis of bioactive polyheterocyclic compounds

The reaction of exocyclic enaminones namely, 2-(dimethylaminomethylene)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-one,  3-(dimethylaminomethylene)-thiochroman-4-one and 2-(dimethyl-aminomethylene)-indane-1,3-dione, each with heterocyclic diazonium salts afforded the respective hydrazones which undergo either in situ dehydrative cyclization or cyclized by heating with acetic acid to give polycyclic compounds. The structure of all the newly synthesized products were confirmed by elemental and spectral (IR, IH NMR, Mass) data. Also, the biological activity of some of the prepared compounds was tested against some microorganisms and promising results were obtained

A comparison of periodontal disease among rural Amish and non-Amish adults

Periodontal disease can be more efficiently studied within a homogeneous population where genetic influences and lifestyles are similar enough to negate their effect on the disease process. This study focuses on an Amish population in southern Michigan who isolate themselves from outside influences and their non-Amish neighbors. A total of 425 Amish and 290 non-Amish were contacted resulting in 330 Amish and 215 non-Amish who were examined in their homes giving a participation rate of 76.2%. Ages ranged from 18 to 82 years. Prevalence of periodontal disease tended to be higher among males and increased with age. There were slightly more Amish females (52%) than non-Amish (49%). Means of periodontal conditions for Amish were 1.35 mm for attachment loss, 2.59 mm for pocket depth, 0.24 for calculus, 0.77 for plaque and 0.74 for gingivitis. For non-Amish, the means were 1.03 mm for attachment loss, 2.38 mm for pocket depth, 0.40 for calculus, 0.95 for plaque and 0.87 for gingivitis. It is of interest that the Amish do not practice routine oral hygiene. Only 36.8% of Amish reported brushing at least 1 × a day compared to 84.6% of non-Amish. Similarly, only 8.2% of Amish reported flossing at least 1 × a week compared to 40.8% of non-Amish.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75729/1/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00734.x.pd

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography findings of an unusual breast lymphoma case and concurrent cervical cancer: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Breast lymphoma accounts for less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and approximately 0.1% of all breast neoplasms. Most breast lymphomas are classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas or as mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Concurrent cases of breast lymphoma and cervical cancer are extremely rare.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We report a case of a 46-year-old woman of unknown ethnic origin diagnosed with concurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the breast and squamous cell cancer of the cervix that was detected and followed with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography (PET/CT). The metastatic pattern of this case of breast lymphoma is similar to that of a typical metastatic breast carcinoma. These findings have never been described in the literature. PET/CT also demonstrated an incidentally intense FDG focus in the uterine cervix ultimately leading to the pathologic diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. An appropriate staging of breast lymphoma and cervical cancer with FDG PET/CT is important because of therapeutic consequence. This case report and review of the literature highlights the role of FDG PET/CT in staging and restaging of both breast lymphoma and cervical cancer.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We report a case of a breast lymphoma with a metastatic pattern similar to that of typical metastatic breast carcinoma. The FDG PET/CT scan also diagnosed a rare case of concurrent breast lymphoma and cervical cancer. This concurrence has not been reported previously in the medical literature.</p

Sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage consumption correlates with BMI, waist circumference, and poor dietary choices in school children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of obesity and overweight is increasing globally. Frequently coexisting with under-nutrition in developing countries, obesity is a major contributor to chronic disease, and will become a serious healthcare burden especially in countries with a larger percentage of youthful population. 35% of the population of Saudi Arabia are under the age of 16, and adult dietary preferences are often established during early childhood years. Our objective was to examine the dietary habits in relation to body-mass-index (BMI) and waist circumference (W_C), together with exercise and sleep patterns in a cohort of male and female Saudi school children, in order to ascertain whether dietary patterns are associated with obesity phenotypes in this population.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>5033 boys and 4400 girls aged 10 to 19 years old participated in a designed Food Frequency Questionnaire. BMI and W_C measurements were obtained and correlated with dietary intake.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 12.2% and 27.0% respectively, with boys having higher obesity rates than girls (P ≤ 0.001). W_C and BMI was positively correlated with sugar-sweetened carbonated beverage (SSCB) intake in boys only. The association between male BMI and SSCB consumption was significant in a multivariate regression model (P < 0.0001). SSCB intake was positively associated with poor dietary choices in both males and females. Fast food meal intake, savory snacks, iced desserts and total sugar consumption correlated with SSCB intake in both boys (r = 0.39, 0.13, 0.10 and 0.52 respectively, P < 0.001) and girls (r = 0.45, 0.23, 0.16 and 0.55 respectively, P < 0.001). Older children reported eating significantly less fruit and vegetables than younger children; and less eggs, fish and cereals. Conversely, consumption of SSCB and sugar-sweetened hot beverages were higher in older versus younger children (P < 0.001). BMI and W_C were negatively correlated with hours of night-time sleep and exercise in boys, but only with night time sleep in girls, who also showed the lowest frequency of exercise.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A higher intake of SSCB is associated with poor dietary choices. Male SSCB intake correlates with a higher W_C and BMI. Limiting exposure to SSCB could therefore have a large public health impact.</p

An Estimate of the Incidence and Prevalence of Stroke in Africa:A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Stroke is increasingly becoming a challenging public health issue in Africa, and the non-availability of data has limited research output and consequently the response to this burden. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and prevalence of stroke in Africa in 2009 towards improved policy response and management of the disease in the region. Methods: A systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and Global Health for original population-based or hospital-based studies on stroke was conducted. A random effect meta-analysis was conducted on crude stroke incidence and prevalence rates, and a meta-regression-like epidemiological model was applied on all data points. The fitted curve generated from the model was used to estimate incident cases of stroke and number of stroke survivors in Africa at midpoints of the United Nation population 5-year age groups for the year 2009. Results: The literature search yielded a total of 1227 studies. 19 studies from 10 African countries were selected. 483 thousand new stroke cases among people aged 15 years or more were estimated in Africa in 2009, equivalent to 81.2 (13.2– 94.9)/100,000 person years. A total of 1.89 million stroke survivors among people aged 15 years or more were estimated in Africa in 2009, with a prevalence of 317.3 (314.0–748.2)/100000 population. Comparable figures for the year 2013 based on the same rates would amount to 535 thousand (87.0–625.3) new stroke cases and 2.09 million (2.06–4.93) stroke survivors, suggesting an increase of 10.8% and 9.6% of incident stroke cases and stroke survivors respectively, attributable to population growth and ageing between 2009 and 2013. Conclusion: The findings of this review suggest the burden of stroke in Africa is high and still increasing. There is need for more research on stroke and other vascular risk factors towards instituting appropriate policy, and effective preventive and management measures