Long-term Phytoremediating Abilities of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. (Fabaceae)

The boom of tanneries in north India has converted the river Ganga into a waste dumping stream. The tanneries discharge their heavy metal-rich effluents into the river. Tissues of two-year-old tree saplings of Dalbergia sissoo, soil sediments and river water samples were collected from three sites along the river Ganga at Jajmau, Kanpur. Site-1 was located 1 km upstream from the point of discharge of the effluents of the tanneries, Site-2 was close to the source point, and Site-3 was about 1 km downstream from the source point. Accumulation of Cu, Cr and Ni in leaves, bark, wood growth rings, soil sediments and water samples was estimated using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The tissues of the two-year-old wood growth rings of D. sissoo accumulated large amounts of Cr, Cu and Ni. The Cr concentration in leaves, bark and wood rings had a strong, positive and linear correlation (r2) with the Cr concentration in soil sediments. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of Cr, Cu and Ni were higher than 1 in the wood, bark and leaves at all three selected sites, indicating the strong phytoremediating ability of the tree. The uptake of Cr and Ni was consistent in the bark and wood growth rings of two successive years. Owing to the strong uptake and accumulating abilities of Cr, Cu and Ni as evident from high BCF values and high biomass, we propose D. sissoo as a suitable species for phytoremediation throughout its range of distribution in Africa, Asia and the Americas

Tropic Transfer and Bioaccumulation of Lead Along Soil-Plant-Aphid-Ladybird Food Chain

Lead (Pb) contamination of agroecosystems is a serious issue as Pb is a persistent pollutant that is retained in soil for long, causing toxicities to organisms. This study examines biotransfer of Pb from soils treated with different concentrations of Pb through a broad bean (Vicia faba L.)–aphid (Aphis fabae Scop.)–ladybird (Coccinella transversalis Fabricius) food chain and its consequent inference for natural biological control, the ladybird. The soil was amended with Pb at the rates of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg kg−1(w/w). The amount of Pb in plant, aphid and ladybird increased in a dose-dependent manner to Pb contents in the soil. The results showed that Pb biomagnified from soil to root with transfer coefficient always \u3e 1. Biominimization of Pb occurred at the second trophic level in aphids and at the third trophic level in ladybirds as their respective transfer coefficients from shoot to aphid and aphid to ladybird were always \u3c 1. The increased elimination of Pb via aphid excreta (honeydew) and pupal exuviae in a dose-dependent manner suggests that these are possible detoxification mechanisms at two different trophic levels which control Pb bioaccumulation along the food chain. The statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) decreases in biomass and predation rate of predatory ladybirds at 100 mg kg−1 Pb indicate that high dose of Pb in soil may have sub-lethal effects on ladybirds. Further studies at cellular and sub-cellular levels are needed to further document the potential mechanisms of achieving Pb homeostasis in ladybirds under Pb stress

Frequency of Lingual Nerve Injury after the Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molar

Objective: to determine the frequency of lingual nerve injury after the removal of impacted mandibular 3rd molar. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration: outdoor patient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Hitec Dental College, Foundation College of Dentistry Peace Gernal Hospital, Nishtar Institute of  Dentistry,Multan from January 2018 to January 2019 in one year duration. Results: Study included 335 patients with mean age of 20.86+ 1.95 yrs. Males were 190(56.7%) and females were 145(43.3%).lingual nerve injury was found in 28 patients(8.4%)while it was absent in 307 patients(91.6%).There was no significant effect was found on the frequency of lingual nerve injury for age or gender of the patient population. Conclusion: Lingual nerve injury is a commonly encountered complication among those undergoing extraction of impacted third molar. It should be carefully sought in all the patients undergoing the surgical procedure and improvement in surgical skills and techniques needs to be emphasized to further reduce the incidence and risk of this complication. Keywords: Impacted third molar, Lingual nerve, OPG (orthopantomogram), Dentistry, Mandible. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/57-01 Publication date: July 31st 201

A novel AI approach for optimal deployment of EV fast charging station and reliability analysis with solar based DGs in distribution network

The transportation sector is one of the most prevalent fossil fuel users worldwide. Therefore, to mitigate the impacts of carbon-dioxide emissions and reduce the use of non-environmentally friendly traditional energy resources, the electrification of the transportation system, such as the development of electric vehicles (EV), has become crucial. For impeccable EVs deployment, a well-developed charging infrastructure is required. However, the optimal placement of fast charging stations (FCSs) is a critical concern. Therefore, this article provides a functional approach for identifying the optimal location of FCSs using the east delta network (EDN). In addition, the electrical distribution network’s infrastructure is susceptible to changes in electrifying the transportation sector. Therefore, actual power loss, reactive power loss, and investment cost are three areas of consideration in deploying FCSs. Furthermore, including FCSs in the electricity distribution network increases the energy demand from the electrical grid. Therefore, this research paper recommends integrating solar-based distributed generations (SDGs) at selected locations in the distribution network, to mitigate the burden of FCSs on the system. Hence, making the system self-sustaining and reliable. In addition, the reliability of the distribution system is also analyzed after deploying the FCSs and SDGs. Furthermore, six case studies (CS) have been proposed to deploy FCSs with or without DG integration. Consequently, the active power loss went from 1014.48 kW to 829.68 kW for the CS-6

Optimal location of electric vehicle charging station and its impact on distribution network: A review

At present, the limited existence of fossil fuels and the environmental issues over greenhouse gas emissions have been directly affected to the transition from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). In fact, the electrification of transportation system and the growing demand of EVs have prompted recent researchers to investigate the optimal location of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). However, there are numerous challenges would face when implementing EVs at large scale. For instance, underdeveloped EVCSs infrastructure, optimal EVCS locations, and charge scheduling in EVCSs. In addition, the most fundamental EV questions, such as EV cost and range, could be partly answered only by a well-developed EVCS infrastructure. According to the literature, the researchers have been followed different types of approaches, objective functions, constraints for problem formulation. Moreover, according to the approaches, objective functions, constraints, EV load modeling, uncertainty, vehicle to grid strategy, integration of distributed generation, charging types, optimization techniques, and sensitivity analysis are reviewed for the recent research articles. Furthermore, optimization techniques for optimal solution are also reviewed in this article. In addition, the EV load impact on the distribution network, environmental impacts and economic impact are discussed

Frequency of Mandibular 3rd Molar Presence and Position on Risk of Mandibular Angle Fracture

Objective of study was to determine the frequency of mandibular third molar presence and position in mandibular angle fractures. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study Setting: This study was carried out in department of dentistry, Nishtar institute of dentistry, Multan. Duration of Study: This study was conducted from 1st July 2016 to 31st January 2017. Methadology: Study was started after taking informed  consent from the patients and approval of ethical committee. Fracture side was diagnosed by history and examination. Status of mandibular third molar (erupted, un-erupted and impacted) on the side of fracture was evaluated through clinical and radio-graphical examination. Data was collected for basic demographics (Age, Sex and side of fracture).Patients from both gender with age range of 25-40 years having mandibular angle fracture of any side of < one month duration were included in this study. Patients with history of extraction of mandibular third molar and those with history of fracture from gunshot injury were excluded from the study.Data was collected for mandibular third molar presence and position and noted in especially designed proforma. Results: A total of 158 patients of both gender with mandibular angle fracture of any side were included. Age range in this study was from 25 to 40 years with mean age of 32.689 ± 3.28 years, mean height 1.612 ± 0.04 meters, mean BMI 23.929 ± 2.08 Kg/m2 and mean duration of fracture was 11.354 ± 6.08 days. Majority of the patients (55.7%) belongs to 25-33 years age groups. While males were 90.5% as compare to females 9.5%. UnErupted Mandibular third molar  was seen in 12.7% patients, Erupted 44.3% and Impacted was 43%. Conclusion: Conclusion of this study is that the absence of an impacted third molar decrease the prevalence of mandibular angle fractures. Keywords: Mandibular angle fractures, Mandibular third molar, Frequency. DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-07 Publication date:October 31st 201

Diagnostic Accuracy of 3d Scan and Plain Radiograph in Diagnosis of Midface Fractures

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiographs and 3D scan in diagnosis of mid face fractures by taking surgery findings as a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN: Cross Sectional Study SETTING: study was carried out at  Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. DURATION: Study was completed in 6 months from May, 2017 to  November 2017in Nishtar . Methodology: 181 Patients were included  from Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan after taking informed consent and permission from ethical committee and research department. Demographic information of patients (name, age, gender, duration of  Fracture had taken. Patients from both gender with age range of 18-35 years having Maxillofacial trauma < 10 days were included in this study and patients in which CT scan was contraindicated and those taken any surgical treatment for facial trauma were excluded in this study. Radiographic examination for the cranio-facial complex had performed for all patients followed by routinely and according to the needs of each  individual case. RESULTS: From 181 patients, the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 35 years. According to plain radiographs, fracture was detected in  88.4% patients. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, negative predicted value was 50% and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. CONCLUSION: Among 181 patients, fracture was detected in 88.4% patients by using plain radiographs. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. Keywords: 3D scan, plain radiographs, mid face fractures DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-01 Publication date:October 31st 2019

Clinical and Radiographic Features of Ameloblastoma: Ultimate Diagnosis and Treatment

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic features of 22 intraosseous ameloblastomas. Study design: All the data with respect to the patient’s age, sex, tumor locations, surgical treatment history, as well as radiographic findings and number of recurrence, were analyzed. Results: The patient’s age at biopsy ranged from 08 to 70 years (mean, 31.5 years), Fourteen (63.6%) of the 22 subjects were females, and eight (36.4%) were males. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 ameloblastomas were located in mandible and three (13.6%) were located in maxilla. Pain, swelling and purulent discharge were the most common symptoms and were experienced by eight (36.4%) patients. Radiographically, seventeen (77.3%) of the 22 tumors were multilocular. Remaining five cases were unilocular with a well-demarcated border. There was no case exhibiting the typical soap-bubble appearance. The most common histologic pattern was plexiform and had follicular type. Conclusion: Diagnosis of ameloblastoma remained in doubt after clinical and radiographic examination. A biopsy is necessary for the confirmation of diagnosis. Surgical treatment should be planned after C.T and 3D Scan. Long-term follow-up at regular intervals after surgery is also recommended. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Diagnosis, Radiographic DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-02 Publication date:October 31st 201

Epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling in cancer pathogenesis and progression

Signaling involving chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1/CXL12 has been investigated for many years for its possible role in cancer progression and pathogenesis. Evidence emerging from clinical studies in recent years has further established diagnostic as well as prognostic importance of CXCR4 signaling. CXCR4 and SDF-1 are routinely reported to be elevated in tumors, distant metastases, which correlates with poor survival of patients. These findings have kindled interest in the mechanisms that regulate CXCR4/SDF-1 expression. Of note, there is a particular interest in the epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling that may be responsible for upregulated CXCR4 in primary as well as metastatic cancers. This review first lists the clinical evidence supporting CXCR4 signaling as putative cancer diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarker, followed by a discussion on reported epigenetic mechanisms that affect CXCR4 expression. These mechanisms include regulation by non-coding RNAs, such as, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. Additionally, we also discuss the regulation of CXCR4 expression through methylation and acetylation. Better understanding and appreciation of epigenetic regulation of CXCR4 signaling can invariably lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets as well as therapies to regulate this oncogenic signaling.Open Access funding for this article has been provided by the Qatar National Library