IDENTIFIKASI PROTEIN MEMBRAN LUAR Pseudomonas aeruginosa SEBAGAI KANDIDAT VAKSIN

ABSTRAK: Infeksi nosokomial salah satunya disebabkan bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Menurut Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2012) diperoleh angka presentasi terjadinya infeksi nosokomial di Provinsi Lampung 4,3%, Jambi 2,8%, DKI Jakarta 0,9%, Jawa Barat 2,2%, Jawa Tengah 0,5%, dan Yogyakarta 0,8%.P.aeruginosa memiliki permukaan yang terdiri dari Lipopolisakarida (LPS) dan Protein Membran Luar (OMP). Pembuatan vaksin dari bakteri P.aeruginosa dari LPS telah dilakukan, sedangkan dari OMP belum dilakukan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2017 sampai dengan April 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi protein membran luar P.aeruginosa sebagai kandidat vaksin. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif eksploratif dengan eksperimen laboratorik.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai aktivitas fosforilasi pada protein membran bakteri P.aeruginosa dengan berat molekul 21 kDa memiliki aktivitas fosforilasi sebesar 17,029 x 10-2 µmol/mL.menit, sedangkan pada protein dengan berat molekul 25 kDa memiliki aktivitas fosforilasi sebesar 16,835 x 10-2 µmol/mL.menit. Hasil uji glikoprotein menunjukkan bahwa protein membran luar dengan berat molekul 25 kDa dan 21 kDa tidak mengandung glikoprotein, sehingga protein membran luar P.aeruginosa  dengan berat molekul 21 kDa dan 25 Kda dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat vaksin. Kata Kunci: protein membran luar (OMP),Pseudomonas aeruginosa, vaksi

Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Effects of Okra Pods Extract (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) against Lead Acetate-Induced Toxicity in Mice

In this study, we determine the curative effects of okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) extract against lead acetate toxicity in mice kidney. n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent were used for extracting okra pods. The role of the extract as an antioxidant was tested by DPPH and FRAP methods. The methanol extract was used for experiments in animals. A total of 30 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six equal groups: normal control, negative control (lead-induced), and treatment groups (lead-induced for 28 days and administration of methanol extract at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW for the 28 days). The following were analyzed in all groups: activity of the antioxidant enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); oxidant level, namely, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO); and markers of kidney injury, namely, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre). Kidney histopathology was also evaluated. This study showed that the methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant activity (IC50 is 35.21 µg/mL, and FRAP is 57.58 µM Fe2+/g). The CAT and SOD activities increased significantly in okra-treated groups (P<0.05). The okra administration groups experienced a significant decrease in MDA, NO, BUN, and Cre levels (P<0.05). Thickness of the epithelial proximal tubule, diameter of the proximal tubule, and percentage of necrotic cells in proximal tubule decreased, but the diameter ratio of glomerular Bowman’s capsule in mice treated with okra was optimally improved and repaired like normal control (P<0.05). The results of this study reveal that methanol extract has a very strong antioxidant effect and can reduce the influence of toxicity induced by lead acetate in mice kidney