γʹ and γ″ co-precipitation phenomena in directly aged Alloy 718 with high δ-phase fractions

Co-precipitation of γ′ and γ′′ is the main strengthening mechanism that provides superior high-temperature strength in directly aged Alloy 718 aerospace parts. Control of their morphology, fraction, and configuration might allow exposure to more demanding operation environments in next-generation aircraft engines. The density of geometrically necessary dislocations introduced during hot deformation has been shown to significantly affect the co-precipitate morphology of γ′ and γ′′ in materials free of the δ-phase. However, the combined effects of geometrically necessary dislocation density and lower Nb content due to higher δ-phase fractions on co-precipitation behaviour and strengthening remain unknown. We verify these effects by hardness testing as a proxy for high-temperature strength in materials with 4.1 % δ-phase fraction. Deformation at 950 °C yields a remarkable increase of 12 % in hardness after direct ageing, explained by the prevalence of complex co-precipitate configurations. Deformation at 1000 °C decreases the δ-phase fraction and geometrically necessary dislocation density but achieves up to 19 % volume fractions of γ″, leading to a predominance of monoliths and duplet co-precipitates and a better direct ageing response. Atom probe microscopy reveals the flux of elements during co-precipitation. We recommend a δ-annealing treatment before the final forging step for manufacturing stronger Alloy 718 aerospace parts

As investigation of quantity and quality factors and healty condition situation for sturgeon fry in Shahid Marjany and Sade Voshmgir Hatcheries

Survy on some quality and quantity factors on Strugeon fry has been conducted at two ratcheries in cluding Shaiid Marjany and Voshmgear Sad from may to late July for the years 2000 to 2001. Of 64 , 15 and 2 ponds have been randomly collected in 2000 for Voshmgear sad and Shaiid Marjany respectively.In 2001, 17 and 5 out of 65 ponds were collected for the former and latter ones respectively. The items for the quality investigation included : 1- inspection of fry disease 2- inspection of physical and chemical factors for ponds 3- inspection of phytoplankton. Quality investigation was related to count the fry during releasing, growth coefficient and condition factor. No disease was observed for fry in Shaiid Marjany hatcheries Based on 210 and 372 fish examined in 2000 and 2001respectively. In 2000, of 953 fry specimen examined in Voshmgear Sad ,36.1% was infected to Tricodina parasite and 16.4% out of the total 1196 specimen examined in 2001, followed by Jearodactylous parasite.In relation to physical and chemical factors, the average temperature of water was higher than the opitimal one for both hatcheries. Transparency was low wherease NO_3 , NO_2 and aurtophofat was in optimum condition..It was indicated that phytoplanktons belonging to Clorophyta phylum constituted the highest value in terms of biomass , followed by Clorophyta and cyanophyta Ones. The highest abundance was related to pediastrum , cholorella and scenedesmus genouses. It was the same for Shaiid Margany hatchenes. Quality investigations showed that Voshmgear and Shaiid Marjany hatcheries accounted for 836% and 16.4% of the total provience production in 2000. It indicated 59% and 40.36% for the hatcheries respectively in 2001. In 2000, high and low proudction of voshmgear Sad was as 84.4% and 3.8 which was related to Acipenser persicvs borodine , Acipenser guldenstadti brondt respecively. In 2001 , These amounts were as 98% and 0.5% for these species respectively.The highest value of releasing for fish below 3g belonged to to Acipenser persicvs borodine species which was as 76% and 63% in 2000 and 2001 respectively. In 2000 , the hishest and lowest level of proudction at Sahiid Marjany hatcheries was related to Acipenser guldenstadti brondt and Acipenser persicvs borodine species with values of 35.6% and 29.28% respectively. Acipenser persicvs borodine species accounted for 83.5% of the toal fish below 3g, indicating the lowest value in 380 and Acipenser persicus borodine , Huso huso constituted the highest (71%) and lowest (8%) production .The highest level of releasing for fiy (below 39 g) was related to Acipenser persicus borodine species (23.8%)

Investigation possibility culture of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei with brackish water of Caspian Sea in Mazandaran Province

Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) is one of the most important species for aquaculture development, because of tolerance and adaptation to different ecological conditions. The aim of this study was determine the bionormative parameters of vannamei shrimp culture using Caspian Sea brakish water in Mazandaran province and also possibility of introduction a new aquatic species for rearing in Mazandaran province. The Shrimp vannamei reared with the brackish water (10±0.43ppt) of the Caspian Sea in Mazandaran province and the Caspian Sea Ecological Research Iinstitute in summer 1391, 1393 and 1394. In this study, were evaluated the effect of different densities (45/m^2, 50/m^2, 55/m^2 and 60/m^2) primary stock whiteleg shrimp postlarvae (PL12) on the growth, survival rate and also population structure of phytoplankton in shrimp vannamei. Initially, post larvae in brackish water were gradually adopted. The density of 35 per square pieces in an earthen pond (1000m^2) was stocking. The rearing time was 85 days. Average daily growths: 0.31±0.037g; final mean weight: 21.11±0.71; Feed conversion ratio: 0.79 and final yield: 531kg were determined. In addition the experiment of 1391, the results of Mazandaran province vannamei shrimp culture, were observed in 1393 and 1394, the average weight average daily growing and FCR % were 20-18 g and 0.68 - 0.77 respectively during 90 days culture period with harvesting of 40 PL /m^2 at cement culture pond. The experiments of effect of different densities were performed separately in 1391, in 12 circular concrete pound with a sandy bed (area: 78m^2) in the four treatments and three replications for each treatment. The experiments performed in a 75-day period. During the test, the water temperature was 27.4±1.79°C. The results showed that growth parameters and survival rate in experimental treatments, there was a statistically different (Duncan test, P<0.05). Thus, with high levels of density, the amount of weight gain and survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR) and daily growth rate (ADG) has decreased. In addition, the treatments were different variations of FCR (P<0.05) and not depend on the primary stock density of postlarvae. The highest growth (SGR=11±0.04 and ADG=0.25±0.01) and survival rate and calculate the amount of production per hectare (5596±433) were observed in low density (45m2). In this study identified 20 genera of phytoplankton from five division of the Phytoplankton. Phylum Cyanophyta, with 30 percent of the identified genera that much more constituted. And the phylum Chlorophyta with 25 percent, of Bacillariophyta 20 percent Pyrrophyta 20 percent and Euglenophyta 5 percent had the lowest frequency. Chlorophyta with 25 percent allocated to the division, with 20 percent of Bacillariophyta, with 20 percent of the division; Pyrrophyta Euglenophyta division with 5 percent had the lowest frequency. Euglenophyta phylum was identified as a species. Therefore, based on acquired results, was observed that, vannamie shrimp was reared well using Caspian Sea brakish water in Mazandaran province. In addition, it seems that, vannamei shrimp was gained better results in Mazandaran province compared to other provinces, because of suitable water salinity

Editors’ Introduction: An Overview of the Educational Administration and Leadership Curriculum: Traditions of Islamic Educational Administration and Leadership in Higher Education

This chapter provides an overview of several topics relevant to constructing an approach to teaching educational administration and leadership in Muslim countries. First, it places the topic in the context of the changing nature and critiques of the field that argue for a greater internationalisation to both resist some of the negative aspects of globalisation and to represent countries’ traditions in the professional curriculum. Then, it identifies literature that presents the underlying principles and values of Islamic education that guide curriculum and pedagogy and shape its administration and leadership including the Qur’an and Sunnah and the classical educational literature which focuses on aims, values and goals of education as well as character development upon which a ‘good’ society is built. This is followed by a section on the Islamic administration and leadership traditions that are relevant to education, including the values of educational organisations and how they should be administered, identifying literature on the distinctive Islamic traditions of leadership and administrator education and training as it applies to education from the establishment of Islam and early classical scholars and senior administrators in the medieval period who laid a strong foundation for a highly sophisticated preparation and practice of administration in philosophical writings and the Mirrors of Princes writings, and subsequent authors who have built upon it up to the contemporary period. The final section provides an overview of the chapters in this collection

Designing and establishment of ISO/IEC 17025 in 3aboratories of Caspian Sea ecological research center

The project was carried out between March of 2007 and November of 2009.Five laboratories of research center (Clinical pathology, Plankton, Molecular genetics, Pollutants, Analysis Instrument were selected for accreditation. The main stages for establishment of the system consisted of: 1-Conducting a gap analysis to compare the present state of the laboratories with ISO/IEC 17025 Training 2 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories Validation of methods Estimation of uncertainty Internal audits 3- Performing of technical and management requirements 4-Submit of quality manual to Iran Accreditation System (IAS) in order to accredit In January of 2010 the laboratories were accredited by Iran Accreditation System (IAS). The main results were including: 1-Increase the accuracy of measurement 2-Improvement of the Repeatability and Reproducibility of the test methods 3-Traceability and standardization of test methods 4- Calibration of measurement instruments 6- Updating of test methods 7-Standardization of physical condition of the laboratories 8- Getting the certification from Iran Accreditation System (IAS)

Aerodynamics of American footballs under crosswinds

The flight trajectory of an American football largely depends on its aerodynamic characteristics. Despite the popularity of the game, it appears that little information on the aerodynamic force experienced by an American football especially under crosswinds is available in the open literature. The shape of an American football is similar to that of an ellipsoid. It has more pointed ends and has a rough surface. The ball used in college level teams possesses a pair of seams at each of pointed ends. All these features and crosswind make the airflow around the ball more complex. The primary purpose of this study is to experiemental measure the aerodynamic forces of NFL and College Level American footballs under a range of wind speeds and yaw angles (crosswinds). The non-dimensional drag coefficient were estimated and compared. The results indicate that the American footballs possess drag coefficient close to that of other oval shpaed balls such as Rugby and Australian rule footballs. It also shows that the drag coefficient can be almost four times higher under crosswinds

Cost-effectiveness of osimertinib in the treatment of advanced EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The most common type of lung cancer is advanced and mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have reconstructed the care of these patients, the resistance of TKIs to the secondary EGFR-T790M mutation in advanced or metastatic NSCLC led to the introduction of the third generation of them, like osimertinib. Osimertinib has represented a remarkable increase in progression-free survival (PFS) and a decrease in death and hazard ratios in patients with required T790 mutation and sensitizing EGFR mutation without T790M. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of osimertinib for the treatment of these patients compared to chemotherapy or immunotherapy with the last generations of EGFR-TKIs. AREAS COVERED: Electronic searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, , Web of Knowledge, NHSEED, NHS Health Technology assessment (CRD), and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry databases. Related articles were reviewed from January 2015 to the end of August 2020. Out of 2708 initial studies, 10 articles had the inclusion criteria. EXPERT OPINION: Although osimertinib improves the quality of life and PFS for the mentioned patients based on its greater efficacy compared to standard EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy, its high cost prevents considering it a cost-effective option. And, since most entered studies have been done in developed countries, it certainly does not true to extend these results to low-income and developing countries. Therefore, further studies in those countries are needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of osimertinib for sensitizing EGFR mutation without T790M and required T790M in advanced or metastatic NSCLC